Name: _______________________________
Period: ______
Date: _________________
I.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
_________________ property of a substance is a
characteristic that can be observed and measured
without changing the composition of the substance
_________________ Properties describes the
ability of a substance to combine with or change
into one or more other substance.


A sheet of copper can be pounded
can be pounded into a bowl.
IV.
CALCULATING P/N/E
Helium does not react with any
other element.
Rocks containing carbonates can
be identified because they fizz
when hydrochloric acid is applied.
Diamond dust can be used to cut
or grind most other materials.
II.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES
Physical Changes are changes in a substance that
does not change the identity of substance. No new
substances are formed.
Examples (2):




Number of Protons = Atomic Number
Number of Electrons = Atomic Number
Number of Neutrons =
Atomic Mass (rounded) – Atomic Number
Chemical change in an action where a new form of
matter is created by rearranging atoms from the
original matter.
Examples (2):

III.
THE ATOM
Atoms are extremely small particles which can never
be broken down in a chemical reaction.



Electron (-) It’s a particle located around the
nucleus of an atom. It has a charge of -1 and a
mass of 0 amu (atomic mass units)
Proton (+) It’s a particle located in the
nucleus of an atom. It has a charge of positive
1 and a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass units).
Neutron (0) It’s a particle located in the
nucleus of an atom. It has a charge of 0 and a
mass of 1 amu (atomic mass units)
V.
PERIODIC TABLE
Atomic Number:
Corresponds to the
number of protons
in an atom and also
determines the
element.
Atomic Mass (Mass number): The mass of an
individual atom of a particular element, corresponds
to the sum of the protons and the neutrons in the
nucleus. Remember, electrons have no relative mass.
*Symbol: Unique identifier of the element. All
elements that have a symbol containing two letters
VIII.
should capitalize the first letter.
VI.
METAL, NONMETAL, AND METALLOIDS
Metals
 Are characterized by bright luster, hardness,
ability to resonate sound and are excellent
conductors of heat and electricity.
 They are ductile (can be drawn into wire) and
malleable (can be beaten into very thin sheets).
Non-metals
 They are non-lustrous, brittle and poor conductors
of heat and electricity.
 Non-metals can be gaseous, liquids or solids.
Metalloids
 Elements that behave like both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids.
*Label
the
periodic
table*
VII.
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Electrons on the outermost energy level. Valence
electrons are the only electrons that participate in
bonding.
Boron valence e-= ________
Silicon valence e-= ________
Antimony valance e-= ______
IX.
IONS
An atom (or group of atoms) that has a positive or
negative electrical charge because it has lost or gained
electrons.
CHEMICAL FAMILIES
X.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Inner Transition Metals
Other Nonmetals
Other Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
IONIC CHARGES
Atoms tend to lose or gain electrons to attain the
electron arrangement of a noble gas.