NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Founder
Reasons
Founded
People
Climate
And
Geography
Economy
Religion
Politics
RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
MASSACHUSSETTS
Roger Williams 1636
Thomas Hooker June
1636
Hooker was disturbed
by lack of democracy
in Mass. J. left for
greater religious
freedom
Capt. John Smith Plymouth
Bay 1620 on Mayflower
Practice religion freely
create a place where
others believed as they did
Native Americas asked
for protection in their
fights against others
tribes. Dutch, Swedish,
Slaves, Indentured
servants
Winters: colder than
in England
Summers: mild.
Terrain – hilly, covered
w/forests. Soil –
fertile
Shipbuilding, fishing,
whaling, trading.
Crops: corn, pumpkin,
beans, squash, apples,
cattle, meat/milk.
Colonists hunted.
Homes of logs
Native Americans, and
other Puritans who shared
the belief of the 1st. settlers
William in conflict
w/leaders of Mass.
-put on trial for
“dangerous” opinions,
ordered him put on
ship for England,
instead went to
Narragansett Bay
Native Americans,
others who wanted to
worship as they
chose, and a few
aristocratic families
who owned slaves
Red clay soil –“Roodt
Eyelandt” (Red
Island) winters
-Colder/harsher than
England summers
more humid
Cattle/dairy farmers
family farmers
Crops: corn, beans,
squash, tobacco.
Business related to
shipping –one of the
world’s slave trading
ports
Founded for religious
freedom –Quakers,
Baptists, Anglicans,
Puritans,
Congregationalists
Ruled by a Gov
Deputy. Gov. 10
assistants to the Gov .
A general assembly
elected by colonists in
lack of the towns
(make laws & create a
local militia)
Puritan: separated
religions codes form
colonial laws.
Land fertile, rich pastures
for cattle, and forest for
timber.
Winters: bitterly cold
Summers: warm & humid
Raised food: corn other
grew cattle, trapped fur,
forested timber for lumber
shopkeepers, tradesmen &
started shipping industry.
Laws based on religion
beliefs. Entire lines
centered around religious
worship. Believed they
were setting up a kingdom
for their God on earth.
1st. written
Theocracy –ruled by
constitution –
ministers who believed
Fundamental ordersthey received their power
based on the consent
from God. Voted to elect
of the governed” 1 rep. ministers who made the
from each town & 1
laws based on beliefs.
Gov. elected by the free
white men.
MIDDLE COLONIES
Founder
Reasons
Founded
People
Climate and
Geography
Economy
Religion
Politics
NEW YORK
MARYLAND
PENNSYLVANIA
Henry Hudson -1608
claimed area for Dutch
King Charles: gave
land to friend Lord
George Calvert –Lord
Proprietors required
to pay 2 arrows per
year & ½ of any gold or
silver discovered there
Land grant given to
William Penn whom the
owed $100,000. Penn had
been in prison for religious
beliefs as a Quaker.
Dutch granted the
charter for the colony
to the Dutch East India
Co. to set rep. trading
ports & exploited for
natural resources
Patron ships -50
people could receive a
large grant of land if
they promised to farm
it share the profits
w/the patron.
Ran colony as a
business farms for
religious persecution
“Land of Sanctuary” –
religious & political
freedom
Mostly Catholic –also,
Quakers, Baptists,
Puritans, & Wesleyans.
Male settled -100 acres
+ 100 acres for wife’s
& children owner
16/under 16-50 acres
Hot, humid summers
Winters – lots of rain
and bitterly cold windy some snow, summers
winters
hot and humid
Fur trapping, lumber,
Farms – flax, corn,
trading and shipping
wheat, vegetables,
and slave trade. Corn, tobacco and fruit trees
flax, wheat, vegetables Lumber business,
and mined for iron
shipping, fishing cattle,
(beef/milk) mined for
iron
Many faiths and
considerable religious
freedom
Gov. appointed by the
King of England. Gov.
made all the laws and
little self government
Mostly Catholic but
granted religious
freedom to all its
people
Self-governing
freeman elected
representatives.
Loyalty to Calvert who
had power over $,
army and could
declare war
Penn. –a haven for people
suffering from religious
persecution.
Quakers Lutherans,
Mennonites, Amish,
Presbyterians, Huguenots,
& Jews.
Slaves: 20% of
populations
Summer hot, humid
Winter – cold with snow
fertile soil
Farmers – veges and corn,
wheat and dairy cattle.
Many merchants and
tradesman (cobblers
silversmiths and
blacksmiths) lumber and
shipbuilding to export to
England
Strong tradition of
religious tolerance
Philadelphia – “City of
Brotherly Love”
Self government- freemen
elected 200 reps to PA
General assembly
(legislature) Governor
oversaw assembly.
Assembly voted on laws
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Founders
Reasons
Founded
People
Climate
and
Geography
Economy
Religion
Politics
SOUTH CAROLINA
8 Lord Propietors –
friends of King Charles
II who helped him
become King after his
father lost his position
in the English Civil War
- 1690
An investment –
Settlers paid their own
way to the colony –
sold what they
produced and traded
fro what they needed
Native Americans,
white Europeans
fleeing religious
persecution,150 acres
to every freeman and
same to freed
indentured servants
Winters
shorter/milder
summers- long, humid,
hot
Soil red clay
Farming crops: rice,
cotton, tobacco, indigo.
Hunted for deer, cut
down lumber now for
silversmiths &
furniture makers
Unique for religions,
liberty -7 or more
persons agreeing to
any religion
constituted a church
Fundamental
Constitution of
Carolina –real power
was retained by gov’t
in England. Later
Colonists had some
local control over
gov’t.
GEORGIA
George II 1732 – gave
the job of setting up
the Colony to James
Oglethorpe
“buffer-zone” to
Spanish Florida.
Refuge for English
debtors in order to pay
back debt in England
VIRGINIA
Sir Walter Raleigh named
after Queen Elizabeth made a colony in 1607
An investment settlers
sold what they produce
and traded what they
needed thru the VA Co. of
London (the investors
who would own VA)
English debtors,
English – men were give
western Europeans
50 acres each and =100
seeking religious
acres they bought stock in
freedom and cheap
the VA Co. bought
land, missionaries, and indentured servants and
by 1751, slaves
held slaves
Brick makers, tradesmen,
shoemakers
Winters: shorter,
Mild winters, hot, humid
milder .
summers.
Summers: long, hot,
Fertile soil.
humid. Fertile
Atlantic coast region –
swamps, fertile red –
fertile lands, large
clay plains
plantations far west –selfbackcountry –mts.
sufficient farms.
Farmers cotton, indigo, Tobacco, slave trade
tobacco, rice, traders – introduced in 1619 –
shoemakers, brick
lucrative business.
makers, tailors, blacksmiths, silversmiths,
pottery makers.
Total religions
State –established Church
freedom
of England.
All Colonists were
required to attend church
twice each Sunday
Freemen elected rep’s House of Burgesses. 1st.
to Common House of
elected law –making body
Assembly. Upper
in colonies. 6 members
House of Gen.
appointed to Gov’s Council
Assembly –appointed
by VA. Co. Gov appointed
by Trusted Gov’t.
by Monarch in England.