SEC. 18-1 CLASSIFICATION
Taxonomy = ____naming_______ of organisms  Makes studying the unity &
diversity of living things EASIER
In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part
scientific name. The scientific name is always written in italics. The first word is
capitalized, and the second word is lowercase
The 6 Kingdom System is Based on the Following Criteria:
1. Presence of a Nucleus Bacteria:
-DNA not in nucleus – Bacteria two kingdoms called
___prokaryotes___
Other Kingdoms:
-DNA in nucleus
2. Number of Cells
 Unicellular:
called Eukaryotes
Organism consists of one cell.
Multicellular: more than one cell

3. How it Obtains Food

Autotroph: •Organism makes its own food.
•Photosynthesis
•ex: Grass, flower

Heterotroph: •Organism CANNOT make its own food.
•Hunts or eats for its food.
•Ex: Ant, Human
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Eubacteria
•Unicellular
•No Nucleus
•Bacteria that we
encounter every
day
•Heterotroph &
Autotroph
•
Archeabacteria
Unicellular
•No Nucleus
•
Heterotroph &
Autotroph
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Ancient bacteria
Often live in extreme
environments like
acidic(low pH), high
temperatures and
salts
•Unicellular
•Euglena
•Have a nucleus
•Ameba
•Heterotroph &
Autotroph
•Paramecium
•Uni and Multicellular
•Have a nucleus
•Have a cell wall
•Heterotroph
•Break down organic material
•Do not move
•Multicellular
•Have a nuclues
•Cell wall
•Autotrophic
•Yeast
•Mushroom
•Molds
•Trees
•Corn
•Grass
•Largest Kingdom
•Worm
•Multicellular
•Spider
•Have nuclues
•Penguin
•No Cell wall
•Whale
•Heterotrophic
•Invertebrates vs.
Vertebrates
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Classification Categories
 From broad groupings          Narrow & specific groupings
(GENERAL)
(SPECIFIC)
Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  species
 Every species belongs to ONE of each groupings!!!
Complex
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Over
Family
Genus
species

Simple
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THE 6 KINGDOMS
PROKAYOTES
 Prokaryotes – lack __nuclear____ membranes & most ___organelles_ (=
internal membrane-bound structures); without nucleus
 Eukaryotes – contain ___nuclear____ membranes & organelles
1.) ARCHAEBACTERIA- extreme ancient bacteria that live in __extreme__
environments such as high temperature above boiling, acidic environment (low
pH) or highly saline(salt) environment
2.) EUBACTERIA = regular bacteria & blue-green algae
--- Cell walls, ____unicellular______ (one cell)
 Bacteria – _____heterotrophs______ (cannot make own food)
 Blue-green algae – __autotrophs___ (can make own food)
3) PROTISTA – mostly unicellular
a) Protozoa – _animal _-like movement & nutrition
Ex. Amoeba & paramecium
b) Algae – can form colonies, do photosynthesis, have cell walls, ___plantlike_ __nutrition
Ex. Spirogyra, kelp, diatoms, seaweed
EUKARYOTES
4.)
FUNGI – mostly __multicellular_______ (many cells)
--- ____feed______ on other living things
 Heterotrophs
 __decomposers_____ of other organisms
 Cell wall (made of _cellulose____)
Ex. Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
5.) PLANTAE (Plants) – mostly multicellular
 Autotrophs = photosynthetic organisms (can make own food using energy
from _sun_____)
 Cell wall (made of __cellulose______)
Ex. Roses, oak & maple trees, cactus, dandelions
6.) ANIMALIA (Animals) – multicellular
 Heterotrophs
 _sexual_______ reproduction is very common
a) Invertebrates – sponges, worms, insects  Have NO __spinal column __
b) Vertebrates – fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds
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Key Organisms (in order of increasing complexity):
 Amoeba – has ___psuedopods________ (false feet)
for food absorption & movement
 Paramecium – has __cillia________ for movement & an ____oral
groove___(side pocket) through which food is ingested
 Hydra
--- __Two_ cell layers thick
--- Has a mouth surrounded by __tentacles_ leading to an internal cavity
 Earthworm
--- _closed__ circulation and tube-like digestion
 Grasshopper
--- _closed____ circulation and tube-like digestion
 Humans
--- Mammals nourish young with __milk_______, have hair/fur & have
well-developed brains
 Dichotomous Key – “di” = __2___;
Ex. bicycle, car, jet & motorcycle
1a
1b
Requires petroleum fuel
Requires only muscle power
go to Step 2
__bicycle_______
2a
2b
Has wings and flies
Has no wings and does not fly
__jet___________
go to Step 3
3a
3b
Has two wheels
Has more than two wheels
__motorcycle ____
___car__________
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