14.
Interpret Graphs Which level of taxonomic category shown in Figure 18–
4 contains the greatest number of different organisms?
15.
Classify Do all organisms shown in Figure 18–4 that belong to the order
Carnivora also belong to the phylum Chordata? Explain.
16.
Classify Do all organisms shown in Figure 18–4 that belong to the class
Mammalia also belong to the genus Ursus? Explain.
17.
Observe Based on the information in Figure 18–4, describe how the
diversity at each level changes from species to kingdom.
18.
Infer Examine Figure 18–4. In which group, Ursidae or Carnivora, would
you expect the members to be more similar to one another? Explain your answer.
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
Bacteria
Archaea
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Eukaryote
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
No cell
walls or
chloroplasts
CELL TYPE
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
CELL
STRUCTURE
S
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls without Cell walls of
Cell walls of
peptidoglycan
cellulose in some; chitin
some have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most unicellular; Most
some colonial;
multicellular;
some multicellular some
unicellular
Most
Multicellula
multicellular; r
some green
algae
unicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus,
Escherichia
coli
Methanogens,
halophiles
Amoeba,
Mushrooms,
Paramecium,
yeasts
slime molds, giant
kelp
Mosses,
ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects,
fishes,
mammals
19.
Interpret Tables According to Figure 18–5, what is the main difference
between the domain Bacteria and the domain Archaea?
20.
Apply Concepts If you know an organism has a cell wall and is a
multicellular autotroph, could you use Figure 18–5 to determine the kingdom to
which it belongs? Why or why not?
21.
Interpret Tables Can you determine, by examining Figure 18–5, which
kingdom contains the greatest number of species? Why or why not?
22.
Apply Concepts If you were told only that an organism is multicellular and
lacks a cell wall, could you use Figure 18–5 to determine the kingdom to which it
belongs? Why or why not?
23.
Interpret Tables Considering the data presented in Figure 18–5, which
characteristic seems more important in assigning an organism to a specific domain—
the presence or absence of a nucleus or its mode of nutrition? Why?
Classification of Four Organisms
Corn
Whale
Shark
Humpback
Whale
Spider
Monkey
Kingdom
Plantae
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Anthophyta
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Monocotyledones
Chondrichthyes
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Commelinales
Squaliformes
Cetacea
Primates
Family
Poaceae
Rhincodontidae
Balaenopteridae
Atelidae
Genus
Zea
Rhincodon
Megaptera
Ateles
Species
Zea mays
Rhinacodon typus
Megaptera
novaeangilae
Ateles paniscus
24.
Interpret Tables Which two organisms listed in Figure 18–6 are most closely
related to each other? Explain.
25.
Interpret Tables Which level of taxonomic category shown in Figure 18–6
indicates whether an organism is a mammal or not?
26.
Interpret Tables How many different kingdoms are represented by the
organisms listed in Figure 18–6? What are they?
27.
Infer Consider the following statement: “Size and shape are NOT reliable
indicators of how closely different organisms are related.” What information shown in
Figure 18–6 supports this statement?
Building A Cell
What are the three main cell types?
Learning Targets
“I Can…”
-Compare and contrast the three types of cells:
plant, animal, and bacteria.
-Distinguish between a prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cell.
-Distinguish between a plant and animal cell.
-Draw/create a bacteria, plant, and animal cell
and place the appropriate organelles in each cell
type.
Procedures
1. Cut out the cell parts and paste them in the cell
in the proper location.
2. Label each cell part on the diagram.
3. Label the cell type (animal, plant, or bacteria.)
4. Label the cell as eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
5. Color the cell according to the key below:
Cell Wall= Blue Cell Membrane= Yellow
Cytoplasm= Pink
6. Create a Venn Diagram to show the similarities
and differences of the three cell types.