Completion terms
AppearancesBinomialDNA
EukaryaMoneraPhylum (used twice)scientific namespecies-
1. How do you know that the species Ursus maritimus and Ursus arctos are closely related? Yes they are
because the have the same genus.
Figure 18–1
2. Look at Figure 18–1. Why are such different animals as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
grouped into a single phylum? They have similar structures such as a spinal chord.
3. If you know nothing else about an organism except its scientific name, can you immediately determine what
genus and family it is in? Explain. No, you can determine the genus and species not the family.
4. Compare and contrast kingdom Fungi and kingdom Plantae in the six kingdom system.
Plants have a cell wall of cellulose, where fungi have cell walls of chitin
Figure 18–3
5. What characteristic is used to place an organism, such as the amoeba in Figure 18–3, in the domain Eukarya?
It has a nucleus (eukaryote)
Figure 18–4
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
CELL TYPE
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
CELL
STRUCTURES
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls without
peptidoglycan
Cell walls of
cellulose in some;
some have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of
chitin
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
No cell walls
or
chloroplasts
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some multicellular
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Most
multicellular;
some green
algae
unicellular
Multicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
Methanogens,
halophiles
Amoeba,
Paramecium, slime
molds, giant kelp
Mushrooms,
yeasts
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects,
fishes,
mammals
Why don’t we use common names for organisms? What is Linnaeus’s system? What makes up a
kingdom? Phylum? Class?....
The common name of animals will change from person to person or region to region.
Linnaeus’s system of classification uses both small and large categories for classification
A kingdom is made up of similar Phylum. A Phylum is made of similar classes, etc…
What is binomial nomenclature? What are the two parts of binomial nomenclature and how do we
write them?
Binomial nomenclature is a two naming system in which the first name is the Genus and the second
name is the species. It is written with Genus being capitalized and species not.
What are Taxa? What is systematics? What is a monophyletic group? What is cladistics analysis?
What is a derived characteristic?
A taxa is a group or level of organization into which organisms are classified.
Systematics is the study of the diversity of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Cladistic analysis is an analysis that focuses on the order in which derived characteristics appeared
in an organism.
A derived characteristic is a trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its older
members.
What were the original two kingdoms? Why do we now have six?
Plantae and Animalia. We now have 6 because of the diversity of organisms and the way we
classify organisms.
What are the differences between the three domains?
Eukarya- are Eukaryotes
Archaebacteria- unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that don’t have peptidoglycan.
Bacteria- Unicellular prokaryotes that have a cell wall with peptidoglycan.