BSCS Packet #6 – Cells - Internal Environment, part 2 (Unit 4)
2014-2015
This Activity Packet belongs to: __________________________
At the end of the unit you will turn in this packet. You should expect a variety of quizzes: announced,
unannounced, open-notes and closed-notes.
5E Model Packet
Due Date for
Activity
page
Completion
Engage
Lab 4-3: Animal vs Plant Microscope Lab
Explore
Explain
Elaborate
Journal 4-4: Cells Alive Online Activity – Animal vs Plant;
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Journal 4-5: Prokaryote and Eukaryote Cells
J 4-6 Doctor Diagnosis
Cells reading guide part 2 (Dragonfly Textbook)
Evaluate
Unit 4 Review Guide for Part 2
If this packet is LOST, please:
drop it off at the BHS Science Dept. (rm 365) OR
drop it off in __________ classroom (rm _____) OR
call the Science Dept. at (617) 713-5365.
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Lab 4-3: Animal vs Plant Microscope Lab
Each group will create a plant cells slide and look at two different prepared animal cell/tissue slides.
PART I: ANIMAL CELL OBSERVATIONS
1. Choose two different slides of human tissue.
2. Using a pencil, sketch what you observe. Label your drawing with the magnification used.
II.
Type of Cell/Tissue: ________________
Total Magnification: ____ X
Type of Cell/Tissue: ________________
Total Magnification: ____ X
PART II: PLANT CELL OBSERVATIONS (Elodea cells)
1. Obtain a piece of Elodea leaf, and place it on a slide with 1-2 drops of water (you do NOT need
iodine for this sample).
2. Using a 45-degree angle, lower a cover slip onto the slide.
3. Begin on lower power, and then move up to higher power. Using detail and pencil, sketch what
you see below. Don’t forget to record the total magnification used.
III. Elodea (or other plant)
STOMATES?
Total Magnification: ____ X
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: (1 point per question)
1. Why does the specimen placed under the microscope have to be thin?
2. Why is it necessary to stain the prepared animal cells slides, but not the elodea?
3. Are the cells that you observed eukaryotic or prokaryotic? Explain why (remember what makes
something eukaryotic and prokaryotic).
4. What are three characteristics that plant and animal cells have in common?
5. What are two differences between plant and animal cells?
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Journal 4-4: Cells Alive – Internet Lesson Need version that used Genetics Utah website
URL: www.cellsalive.com
Objective: You will look at computer models of cells, learn the functions and descriptions of the cells and
their components.
Navigating the site: Cells alive has a navigation bar at the left. After accessing the page, click on CELL
BIOLOGY on the left side navigation bar. From here, you will access the links: “How Big is a…,” the
animal cell model, the plant cell model, and the bacterial cell model.
Part A: “How Big is a…”
Here you will look at objects on a virtual piece of paper. Your job is to find them and estimate the
length of each (in picometers, nanometers, micrometers, or millimeters). (Note: 1 m = 1,000 mm
= 1,000,000 micrometers = 1,000,000,000 nanometers)
Object
Size in
picometers (pm),
nanometers (nm),
Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic
micrometers
millimeters (mm)
Grain of rice
Amoeba proteus
Skin Cell
Red Blood Cells
Baker’s Yeast
Mitochondrion
N/A
(an organelle)
E. coli
HIV
N/A
(viruses aren’t cells)
Rhinovirus
N/A
(viruses aren’t cells)
N/A
(a protein)
Hemoglobin
1. Which of the above is the largest?
2. Which of the above is the smallest?
3. Approximately how much smaller is a hemoglobin molecule compared to a red blood cell?
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B. Cell Models: Comparing Prokaryotic (Bacteria) and Eukaryotic (Plant and Animal) Cells
URL: www.cellsalive.com
Navigating the site: Cells alive has a navigation bar at the left. After accessing the page, click
on CELL BIOLOGY on the left side navigation bar. From here, you will access the links: the
animal cell model, the plant cell model, and the bacterial cell model.
Overview: For the chart below, place a check in the box if the cell has that cell part.
Plant
Animal
Bacteria
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Ribosome
Mitochondria
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Wall
Golgi Apparatus
Now, click on Eukaryotic Cell Interactive Animation. Click on individual organelles. Use the
boxes below to do a more in-depth study of the organelles.
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Nucleus
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Nucleolus
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Cell Membrane
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
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Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Cytoplasm
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Ribosome
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Mitochondria
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Vacuole
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Golgi Body
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
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Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Lysosome
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Cell Wall
Sketch
Something that performs
the same function
Organelle
Where found
(plant/animal/both)
What it does in the cell
Chloroplast
Sketch
Journal 4-5, Part 2: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Do all cells have the same structure?
An efficiency apartment is a one-room apartment. This one room is where you sleep, eat, shower, and
entertain your guests. It all happens in one room. It is a simple way of living in a small space. A mansion is
a large, complex living space with many separate rooms. There are rooms for cooking, eating, sleeping,
bathing, reading, watching TV, entertaining guests, exercising, and storage. The rooms in a mansion are
constructed for the specific things you would like to be able to do. You can live in simple efficiency or
complexity. In this activity we will be looking at cells that are as simple as a one-room efficiency apartment
or as complex as a mansion.
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1. The three bacterial shapes in Model 1 are referred to as coccus (sphere), spirillum, and bacillus (rod).
Label the diagrams in Model 1 with the correct descriptions.
2. What is represented by the small dots found in each of the bacteria cells?
3. What is the name of the outermost layer that forms a boundary around the outside of each cell?
4. How is the DNA described and what does this mean?
5. All the internal structures are suspended (floating) in what substance?
6. One of the bacteria in Model 1 has a tail-like structure.
a.
What is this structure called?
b.
What might be the purpose of this structure?
c.
Based on your answer to the previous question, what might you infer about the absence of this
structure in the other two bacteria cells?
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7. Looking at Model 2, list at least three structural differences (other than shape) between an animal and a
plant cell.
8. Where do you find the DNA in each cell in Model 2?
9. Do both cells in Model 2 have a nucleus?
10.
List the structure(s) that form the boundary between the inside and the outside of each cell in
Model 2.
11.
What is different about the outermost boundary in a plant cell compared to an animal cell?
12.
Decide as a group whether the cells in Model 1 or 2 are more complex and list at least three
supporting reasons for your choice.
Model 3 – Structural Comparisons
Word Part
Meaning
Pro
karyon
Eu
Before
Nucleus or kernel
true
13.
Use the chart in Model 3 to determine the meaning of the word prokaryote.
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14.
What does the word eukaryote mean?
15.
Based on the above word definitions, label the cells in Model 1 and Model 2 as prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.
16.
By comparing Model 1 and Model 2, what structures are the same in both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
17.
What differences are there between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
18. Refer to Models 1 & 2 to complete the chart below. Write yes or no in the box for each cell.
Bacterial Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
All Cells
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nucleus
DNA
Cell Wall
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
19. As a group, write a definition for a prokaryotic cell.
20. As a group, write a definition for a eukaryotic cell.
21. Complete the phrase below. Each member must contribute one complete sentence. The words
prokaryotic and eukaryotic must be used:
All cells are not the same because...
22. As a group, discuss the opening analogy of an efficiency apartment and a mansion as it relates to
cells. Record your final consensus of how this analogy applies to cell structure.
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Extension Questions
23. What effect do you expect the structural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes to have on
their functions? Explain in detail.
24. With as much detail as possible, give another example of an analogy for describing the difference
between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Journal 4-6: Doctor Diagnosis
Diagnosis: Cells!
Graduation is early this year! You have just been awarded your PhD in Cellular Biology and so your
friends now call you “doctor.” One friend approaches you about problems she is having with her
experiment (she has yet to graduate). She is using various cells and each of them seems to have a
problem. She hands you a list of the problems and asks you to diagnose the issue.
Make sure you state the problem organelle and what is wrong.
Ex.. The cell has a ton of debris (junk) in the cytoplasm.
--The lysosomes that digest useless material in the cell are missing or not functioning properly.
1. The sperm cells won’t move.
2. The plant cell is sluggish—it won’t produce enzymes and respond to stimuli.
3. The cell lacks proteins.
4. The organelles in the cell won’t move.
5. The organelles in the cell are not receiving 02.
6. The plant cells lack rigidity and the plants are drooping as a result.
7. The cell has proteins that are stuck in one area; they cannot leave the cell.
8. The plant cells cannot build up pressure for a plant to support itself.
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9. The cell is not passing on its genetic information.
10. Muscle cells are not contracting.
11. The cell has no RNA or ribosomes.
BSCS Biology Dragonfly Textbook Reading Guide
Unit 4: Internal Environment - Cells
Your notes should be written in your own words, showing that you understand the reading assignment and
are not merely copying text from the book. Please be sure to look at the figures in the book in each
section, especially using ones identified in the outline below.
Chapter 7 Life is Cellular (Section 7-1, p. 169)
A. State the 3 parts of the Cell Theory:
B. Distinguish between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (p. 172) and give examples.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
A. The Discovery of the Cell.
1. Who were Robert Hooke and Anton von Leeuwenhoek? What did they discover and when?
2. Who were the 2 scientists that developed the Cell Theory?
3. What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory?
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B. Read pages 174-181 to label the animal cell diagram below and describe the functions of the following
organelles: cell wall, nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, membrane, centriole, and
cilium.
Study Sheet for Unit 4: Internal Environment - Cells
Use these questions below to help you review for the Test.
Review Questions
1. Define homeostasis.
2. What are diffusion and osmosis? Give examples of these. What causes diffusion to occur?
3. Define isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Explain what happens to blood cells and onion cells when
placed in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions. Explain why these changes occur.
4. Explain how molecular size influences whether or not a substance can pass through a membrane.
5. Distinguish between the following terms: permeable, impermeable, & selectively permeable.
6. What is the difference among passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and active transport?
7. What are the types of active transport? Know: membrane-associated pumps, endocytosis,
exocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.
8. What is the chemical make-up of the cell membrane? Explain what is meant by “lipid bilayer.”
9. Why is the membrane called a fluid-mosaic model?
10. Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic and apply these terms to the components of the cell membrane.
What type of molecules can and cannot pass through the membrane?
11. Explain why cells MUST be small. Use the concept of surface area to volume ratio in your answer.
12. What do plant cells have in common? What do animal cells have in common? Compare and contrast
plant and animal cells.
13. What are the internal compartments (organelles) in a cell? What are the functions of each of the
organelles of the cell? Be able to identify these on a diagram.
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