3.1 GR States of Matter
Guided Reading and Study
Use Target Reading Skills Answers will vary.
Accept all logical definitions.
1. solid
2. true
3. The particles in a solid are packed tightly
together and stay in fixed positions.
4. a. Crystalline solids b. Salt, sugar, snow
c. Amorphous solids d. Plastics, rubber, glass
5. b, c
6. liquid
7. true
8. fluid
9. Surface tension is the result of an inward
pull among the molecules of a liquid.
10. c
11. false
12. gas
13. The gas particles will either spread apart or
squeeze together as they fill that container.
14. true
15. Solid: Particles should be closely packed
and form a definite shape. Liquid: Particles
should be packed almost as closely as in the
solid, but take the shape of the container. Gas:
Particles are spread apart to fill the container.
3.2Changes of State
Guided Reading and Study
I. Changes Between Solid and Liquid
A. Melting
B. Freezing
II. Changes Between Liquid and Gas
A. Evaporation
B. Boiling
C. Boiling Point and Air Pressure
D. Condensation
III. Changes Between Solid and Gas
1. melting
2. melting point
3. freezing
4. false
5. vaporization
6. When particles of a liquid gain enough energy
7. a. evaporation b. boiling
8. boiling point
9. The boiling point of water is lower in the mountains because air pressure is lower in the
mountains than at sea level.
10. true
11. During condensation, a gas loses energy.
12. b
13. d
14. a
15. c
16. sublimation
17. One example of sublimation is when “dry ice,” solid carbon dioxide, changes from a solid
directly into a gas. It does not pass through the liquid state.
3.3 GR Gas Behavior
Use Target Reading Skills This is one possible
way to complete the graphic organizer. Accept
all logical answers.
Sample questions and answers:
What measurements are useful in studying
gases? (Volume, temperature, and pressure)
How are the pressure and volume of gases
related? (When the pressure of a gas increases, its
volume decreases.)
How are the pressure and temperature of gases
related? (When the temperature of a gas increases,
its pressure increases.)
How are the volume and temperature of gases
related? (When the temperature of a gas increases,
its volume increases.)
1. volume, temperature, pressure
2. container
3. Temperature is a measure of the average
energy of motion of the particles of a substance.
4. false
5. pressure
6. Pressure = Force ÷ Area
7. The higher pressure of air inside the ball results in gas particles hitting the inner surface
of the ball more often. Gas particles inside reach the hole and escape more often that gas particles
outside reach the hole and enter.
8. When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas
decreases. When the pressure is decreased, the volume increases.
9. a. increases b. decreases c. decreases
d. increases
10. The pressure of the gas increases.
11. The pressure decreases.
12. On long trips, tires can become very hot. As the temperature increases, so does the air pressure
inside the tire. If the pressure becomes too great, the tires could burst.
13. When the temperature of a gas is increased at constant pressure, its volume increases. When
the temperature of a gas is decreased at constant pressure, its volume decreases.
14. Its volume decreases.
15. Heating causes the air inside the balloon to expand. Some of the warm air leaves through
the bottom opening of the balloon, keeping the pressure constant. The air inside the balloon is
now less dense than the air outside the balloon, and the balloon rises.
3.4 GR Graphing Gas Behavior
Use Target Reading Skills This is one possible way to complete the graphic organizer. Accept
all logical answers.
Sample questions and answers:
Q. What is the relationship between temperature
and volume?
A. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature under constant pressure.
Q. What does the dotted line show?
A. The dotted line predicts how the graph would look if the gas could be cooled further.
1. A graph is a diagram that tells how two variables are related.
2. Each axis is labeled with the name of the variable, the unit of measurement, and a range
of values.
3. The vertical axis is the y-axis. The horizontal axis is the x-axis.
4. The vertical axis shows the responding variable. The horizontal axis shows the manipulated
variable.
5. 50 mL
6. 66 mL
7. The manipulated variable is the temperature of the gas (in kelvins).
8. The responding variable is the volume of the gas (in milliliters).
9. origin
10. directly proportional
11. The graph shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature
under constant pressure.
12. The volume is 300 mL and the pressure is 20 kPa.
13. The pressure increases.
14. The manipulated variable is volume in milliliters, and the responding variable is pressure
in kilopascals.
15. vary inversely
16. The pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at constant temperature.