Chapter 3 Review
Name: ______________________________ Hr. ______
1. What are three common states of matter?
a.
_Solid____________________
b.
_Liquid____________________
c.
_Gas____________________
2. Circle the letter of each phrase that describes how particles at the atomic level are arranged
within most solids. Explain your choices.
a. randomly arranged
b. packed close together – particles of a solid are held close together by the force of
attraction between particles.
c. arranged in a regular pattern – particles of a solid are in fixed positions in an organized
pattern.
d. spaced far apart
3. Compare and contrast the arrangement of particles at the atomic level for a liquid and a gas.
Liquids consist of particles that have a variable shape, but a definite volume. The particles are
free to flow, but are still held by the mutual force of attraction.
Gases consist of particles that have a variable shape and volume. The force of attraction
between gas particles is mostly ignored.
4. What determines the shape and volume of a gas? Explain your answer.
The shape and volume of a gas is determined by the shape and volume of a container. This is
due to the fact that gases can take the shape and volume of whatever container they are in.
5. Describe kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion (movement).
6. Do forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or in a
liquid? Explain your answer. Force of attraction has a stronger effect on the behavior of a liquid.
The particles of a liquid do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome this force, whereas, the
particles of a gas do.
7. What is pressure?
Force exerted over an area.
8. What causes the pressure in a closed container of gas?
Pressure in a closed container is caused by the particles of the gas in the container hitting the
sides of the container.
9. How does reducing the volume of a gas affect its pressure if the temperature of the gas and the
number of particles are constant?
Reducing the volume of a gas will increase the pressure, if the temperature and the number of
particles remains constant.
10. What is a phase change?
A phase change is a reversible physical change where a substance changes from one state to
another.
11. A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during a(n) _endothermic___________ change.
12. When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of its molecules _decreases_______ and
the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly.
13. Compare and contrast the processes of evaporation and boiling by completing.
Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid and at temperatures below the boiling point.
Boiling occurs when the vapor pressure equals atmospheric (air) pressure.
14. If I initially have a gas with a pressure of 84 kPa and a temperature of 350 C and I heat it an
additional 230 degrees, what will the new pressure be? Assume the volume of the container is
constant.
P1 = 84 kPa
T1 = 35ºC or 308 K
T2 = 265ºC or 538 K
P2 = ?
V1 = V2
𝑃2 =
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑉2 𝑇1
𝑃2 =
(84 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(538 𝐾)
308 𝐾
𝑃2 = 146.73 𝑘𝑃𝑎
15. My car has an internal volume of 2600 liters. If the sun heats my car from a temperature of 200 C
to a temperature of 550 C, what will the pressure inside my car be? Assume the pressure was
initially 101 kPa.
V1 = V2 = 2600L
T1 = 20ºC (293 K)
T2 = 55ºC (328 K)
P1 = 101 kPa
P2 = ?
𝑃2 =
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑉2 𝑇1
𝑃2 =
(101 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(328 𝐾)
293 𝐾
𝑃2 = 113.06 𝑘𝑃𝑎
16. A toy balloon filled with air has an internal pressure of 127 x 105 Pa and a volume of 2.50 L. If I
take the balloon to the bottom of the ocean where the pressure is 9.63 x 106 Pa, what will the
new volume of the balloon be? (Assume T = 285 K)
P1 = 127 x 105 Pa
V1 = 2.50 L
P2 = 9.63 x 106 Pa
V2 = ?
T1 = T2 = 285 K
𝑉2 =
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑇2
𝑃2 𝑇1
𝑉2 =
(127 𝑥 105 𝑃𝑎)(2.50𝐿)
9.63 𝑥 106 𝑃𝑎
𝑉2 = 3.29 𝐿