Roots down under: below ground solutions to global challenges – Requirements for abstracts Alan E. Richardson1,3, Michelle Watt1, Peter R. Ryan1, Richard J. Simpson1,3, Jim R. Crush2, Hans Lambers3, Mark B. Peoples1 1CSIRO Agriculture, Canberra, Australia, 2AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, NZ, 3School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. Contact: alan.richardson@csiro.au Introduction Provide a brief introduction to your paper. This should indicate the relevance of your work and the context of the system that you work in. It should suitably inform readers of your research aims and the hypotheses being tested. Methods Provide a brief outline of the methods used to conduct the research. If appropriate, inclusion of key references or links to a web page is acceptable, cited in the format (Richardson and Simpson, 2011) or for multiple authors (Simpson et al. 2014; Peoples et al. 2014) as indicated below. Number of references should be kept to a minimum. Links to web pages (methods, source materials etc) can be included (in parenthesis) directly within the text. Results and Discussion Provide a combined section to outline your key findings along with a short discussion with respect to their relevance and significance. Use of one simple Figure or Table is acceptable if preferred (but not required), provided it remains within the 1-page limit and is easily legible. Citation of recently published work (including in press papers from the authors) and web-based publications is acceptable. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Use additional paragraphs (without a carriage return space) if needed. Conclusion Provide a clear and concise conclusion of the work, its significance and where appropriate future applications. George TS, Richardson AE (2011) Enzyme-labile organic P in soil extracts and soil suspensions. In: Prometheus Wiki (http://prometheuswiki.publish.csiro.au). Peoples MB, Richardson AE, Simpson RJ, Fillery IRP (2014) Soil nutrient cycling. In: Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Vol 5, (ed, N. Van Alfen), pp 197-210, Elsevier, San Diego. Richardson AE, Simpson RJ (2011) Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability. Plant Physiol.156:989-996. Richardson AE, Lynch JP, Ryan PR et al. (2011) Plant and microbial strategies to improve the phosphorus efficiency of agriculture. Plant Soil 349:121-156. Simpson RJ, Richardson AE, Nichols SN, Crush JR (2014) Efficient use of phosphorus in temperate grassland systems. Crop Pasture Sci. (in press; http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CP13395).