Essential Biology 02.3: Eukaryotes
1. In the table below, compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
Prokaryote
70S (small) ribosomes
Eukaryote
80S (large) ribosomes
True nucleus contains DNA
No mitochondria
Cell parts
Organelles in discrete membranes
Internal membranes enclose organelles
10-15µm in diameter
2. What is the literal meaning of the term eukaryote?
‘Eukaryote’ means to have a membrane bound nucleus.
3. What was Robert Brown’s role in forming Cell theory? What else is he celebrated for?
Robert Brown named the cell nucleus. He is also famous for his extensive botanic research in
Australia, where he gathered material on 3,400 different species, around 2,000 of them
unknown.
4. Symbiont theory suggests how eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes through evolution.
Briefly outline symbiont theory.
Smaller unicellular organisms were engulfed and became part of larger organisms, eventually
specializing to become organelles within the cell.
5. With the aid of labeled diagrams, compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
Include annotations on the functions of each organelle and scale bars to show size.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 02.3: Eukaryotes
6. Complete the table below to describe various eukaryotic organelles.
Organelle
Nucleus
Structure (description)
Region of the cell containing
chromosomes, surrounded
by a double membrane, in
which there are pores.
Function of organelle
Storage and protection of
genetic information on
chromosomes.
Ribosome
Small spherical subunit
consisting of two subunits,
some attached to
membranes, others free.
The synthesizing of
proteins.
Lysosome
Spherical organelles
surrounded by a single
membrane, containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
Digestion of structures ad
molecules that are not
needed in the cell.
Mitochondrion
Organelles surrounded by
two membranes, the inner
of which is folded inwards.
Providing energy for the
cell.
Chloroplast
Double-membrane
containing layers of
membranes (thylakoid
stacks) and the pigment
chlorophyll.
Provides chlorophyll,
which is used for
photosynthesis.
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Large, folding membrane
structure found close to the
nucleus, with ribosomes
attached to some surfaces.
Moves the ribosomes
from the nucleus to
cytoplasm.
Stephen Taylor
Draw it
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 02.3: Eukaryotes
Large, folded membrane
structure found close to the
plasma membrane, often
with vesicles budding off the
outer edge.
7. The image below shows a TEM micrograph of a liver cell.
a. Identify the labeled structures.
b. Calculate the magnification of the image.
Mg = sbl/scn = 22 mm or 22,000 ųm/1 ųm
Mg = 22,000 x
c. Calculate the maximum diameter of the nucleus.
As = ml/mg = 73 mm or 73,000 ųm/22,000 ųm
As = 3.32 ųm
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 02.3: Eukaryotes
8. State three differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have cell walls, they have chloroplast, and they have a vacuole.
9. Extracellular components are materials or structures which extend beyond the plasma
membrane. Outline the role of an extracellular component in a plant cell and an animal cell.
Plant:
Animal:
10. In the space below, draw and label three specialized cells (two animal, one plant), outlining the
relationship between structure and function in each case.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com