Cell Theory and Structure
The Cell

All living things are made of _______________________.

Cells are the smallest functional unit of life – meaning _____________________

_______________________________________________________________.

They are the basic unit of life.

______________ Cell  __________________  __________________ ________________  Organism
How was the cell discovered?
1. Robert Hooke

English

Used ________________________________ microscopes

Looked at ______________________________________

Used the word ______________________, because he thought they looked like small rooms
2. Anton von Leevenhoek

Dutch

Used __________________________________ microscope

Observed _______________ water

Found what he called _______________________________________, now called protists
How was the cell theory developed?
1) Matthias Schledien

1838

2) Theodore Schwann

1839

3) Rudolf Virchow

1855


1.
2.
3.
All of these discoveries led to the development of the CELL THEORY
Cell Classification
Two types, based on ________________________________________________.

1. Prokaryotes


2. Eukaryotes


Eukaryotes

Have specific parts of them that perform specific jobs = ____________________
Organelles literally means “little organs”
o

Kind of like a city or factory – everything has it’s own job that makes the whole unit function

Two types – ________________________ & ___________________________ (more on that later)
Eukaryotes and Organelles


Cytoplasm
 JOB:
 Contains all other organelles
 The “Fluid” that is inside the cell
Nucleus
 JOB:



Holds instructions for the cell
Cell’s “Brain”
Parts:
 Nuclear Envelope / Membrane:
o JOB:


Chromosomes:
o JOB:
Ribosomes:
 Small particles of RNA and protein
 Found throughout the cytoplasm
 JOB:

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Internal Membrane system
1. Rough ER
 Has ribosomes attached to it
 JOB:
2. Smooth ER
 JOB:

JOB:

Golgi Apparatus
 Stacklike membranes
 JOB:

Lysosomes
 Small organelles filled with enzymes
 JOB:

JOB:

Vacuole
 Sack-like structure
 JOB:

Mitochondria
 Powerhouse of the cell
 Site of respiration
 have their own DNA and manufacture some of their own proteins
 JOB:



“Feeds” the cell
Inherited from mother only
Surrounded by two membranes

Chloroplasts
 JOB:




Solar power plant
Contains ____________________ - green pigment that aptures sun and makes plants green
Surrounded by two membranes
Have some of their own DNA

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
 Have their own genetic material
 Double membranes
 What do these things lead to?

Cytoskeleton
 JOB:

 Protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape
 Also involved in movement (___________________ _________________)
Cell Boundaries
1. Cell Membrane
 JOB:

Lipid bilayer - _____________ ________________ __________________.
2. Cell Wall
 JOB:
Eukaryotes
 Two types:
 Plant
Animal