Alleles- different forms (2)of a single gene
Chromosomes- coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell
division
Cross pollination- the process used to transfer pollen from one flower to the stigma to another.
This allows for the selective breeding of two plants with different
traits that may produce hybrid offspring with desirable traits
Dominate trait- trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited
(stronger trait)
Gene- segments of DNA that carry hereditary (traits) instructional and are passed from parent
to offspring; located on chromosomes
Genotype -the inherited combination of alleles (represented by letters)
Genetics- branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms
directed
Genetic Engineering- alteration of genetic material by intervention in genetic
Heredity- passing of traits from parent to offspring
Heterozygous trait-having the two DIFFERENTt alleles at corresponding loci on homologous
chromosomes different for one or more loci
Homozygous trait-having the two of the SAME genes at corresponding loci on homologous
chromosomes identical for one or more loci (2 alleles of the same,
can be dominant or recessive)
Hybrid-offspring of two animals or plants of different races, breeds, varieties, species, or genera
(2 unlike genes)
Meiosis-cell division that produces sex cells
Pedigree- a diagram of family history used for tracing a trait through several generations
Phenotype-an organism’s inherited physical appearance (looks)
Punnet Square- an n x n square used in genetics to calculate the frequencies of the 16.different
genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross
Recessive Trait-trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic
are inherited (weaker/hidden gene)
Selective Breeding-the breeding of organisms that have a specific desirable trait
Trait- distinguishing quality (eye color) that can be passed from one generation to another