Cell Structure and Function Pt. 2
Inquiry into Life – pg. 53-59
Today’s Objectives:
 Analyze the functional inter-relationships of cell structures, including:
 Describe the major cell structures and their functions
 State the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration
 Describe how the Endomembrane System functions to compartmentalize the cell and
move materials through it
 Identify cell structures depicted in diagrams and electron micrographs
The Endomembrane System
 Consists of:
 ____________ _____________
 _______________ _________________
 ________ _______________
 _____________
 This system compartmentalizes the cell so that particular _____________ reactions are
restricted to specific ___________
 Organelles of the endomembrane system are ____________ directly or by transport
vesicles
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
 System of interconnected flattened ________, _______, or _________.
 Begins at the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the _______________ to the
cell membrane.
 Moves ______________ from one area to another.
 Location of ________ manufacture. Cells that produce __________ hormones, have an
abundant smooth ER.
 Sections of both types of ER can break free in process called “__________” to produce
small membrane bound sacs of either proteins or lipids called __________
 Contains enzymes that synthesize lipids and related products such as steroids.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
 Like Smooth E.R., but with attached _____________
 Folds and processes ___________ and packages them in transport vesicles
 Abundant in cells that produce large amounts of __________ for export from the cell.
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
 Stack, of a half dozen or more ___________ __________.
 On one side receives protein-filled vesicles from the ______
 Sorts the proteins and packages them in vesicles at the other side. From here the
vesicles move to different locations in the ______.
 Like the ______ _________ of the cell.
 Many transport vesicles from the ER travel to the Golgi apparatus for _____________ of
their contents.
 The Golgi is a center of manufacturing, warehousing, _________, and ____________.
 The Golgi apparatus is especially extensive in cells specialized for ____________.
Vesicles and Vacuoles
 Vesicles and vacuoles (larger versions) are _____________ bound ______ with varied
functions.
Vacuoles
 ___________ areas for water, nutrients, and salts.
Vesicles
 A small __________
 Storage sites in various kinds of molecules.
 ___________ and _____________ vesicles move their contents within the cell and in
and out of the cell.
 Can be made by the Golgi Apparatus or from an ____________ of the cell membrane
Lysosomes
 Special vacuoles formed by the _______ ________. (double membrane)
 Contain powerful _____________ ____________ that break down unwanted, foreign
substances or worn-out parts of cells
Ribosomes
 Contain __________ and ____________ subunits.
 Function as sites for ___________ ______________.
 Found on _____ (proteins for export) or in the ______________ (proteins for use in the
cell).
 Several ribosomes together in a line, all producing the same protein is called a
___________________
Mitochondria (singular – Mitochondrion)
 Burn glucose to produce ______________ ___________________
 Use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide (this process is called __________
______________).
 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
 Composed of two membranes.
 Considered the ______________ of the cell.
 Their inner membranes loop back and forth through the inner fluid, __________ of the
mitochondria increasing its surface area and producing shelf-like structures called
__________
 This inner membrane is the site of cellular respiration
Cytoskeleton
 _____________ components of the cytoskeleton provide internal ______________ to
maintain the cell’s ________, anchor the _____________, and allows them to _______
when appropriate.
 Composed of _________________ (actin filaments) and ________________.
 Like the “bones and muscles” of the
cell
Cytoskeleton – Microfilaments (Actin
Filaments)
 Primarily functions to maintain cell
_____________ and cell movements
 Extremely thin ___________ fibers
usually occurring in bundles.
 Similar in composition to the protein
in the muscle (allows for muscle contraction).
Cytoskeleton – Microtubules
 Maintain the ________ of the cell and
act as ________ that organelles can move on.
 Thin ____________ several times larger than microfilaments.
 Found in both _____________ and certain organelles.
 Used to construct material to make up ______, __________ and _______________.
Other Organelles
 Centrioles:
 short cylinders with a __________ pattern of microtubule triplets
 Two centrioles lying at right angles form the ____________ which is the
microtubule organizing center (__________)
 Cilia and Flagella:
 ________ like projections that can move in ____________ fashion (like a whip) or
__________ (like an oar)
 Cells with cilia and/or flagella are capable of ______________
 Cilia also line the respiratory system and help remove foreign material from the
_______
A cell is a living unit greater than the sum of its parts
 While the cell has many structures that have specific functions, they must work together.
 The enzymes of the _____________ and proteins of the _____________ are synthesized
at the ______________.
 The information for these proteins comes from genetic messages sent by ______ in the
___________.
 All of these processes require energy in the form of ________, most of which is supplied
by the ______________.
 A cell is a living unit greater than the sum of its parts.