Grade 11 Biology Exam Review
NAME
__________________
DATE OF EXAM
___________
LOCATION OF EXAM ___________________
Materials needed/allowed:
Calculator, Ruler, Pens/pencils
Part A: Cellular Biology
1. Water is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic? Which of the two is referred to
as “water-loving”?
2. What are the four types of tissues? What function do each of these tissues have?
3. Describe the structure and function for the following organelles within a cell: nucleus, cell
membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast, lysosomes, nuclear membrane,
centrioles (involved in mitosis).
4. Which organelle can be thought of as the “President” of the cell?
5. Create real world examples of how organelles can be compared to people, places, or things.
6. Which organelles are found only in plants? Which are only found in animals?
7. What is the structure of the cell membrane? What does it mean when we say membranes are
semi-permeable? Why is it one of the most important structures for cells? How does it compare
with cell walls?
8. Provide a brief description of the four biochemical macromolecules (carbohydrates, fats,
proteins?
9. What are the subunits of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates (i.e. what are they made of?)
10. Explain the importance of carbohydrates in our body and why a no carbohydrate diet is bad for
someone’s health.
11. Compare saturated fat versus unsaturated fat. Which one is better to consume?
12. How many amino acids are essential? What does it mean when we say essential?
13. Explain how enzymes work. What would occur if a mutation changed the shape of an enzyme?
How would it affect the effectiveness of the enzyme?
14. Why are high fevers dangerous for babies? Explain how this relates to denaturation.
Part B: Genetics
15. What is the structure of DNA? What are the three major components of DNA?
16. How do nitrogeneous bases (i.e. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine) pair up in DNA? How do
they pair up in RNA (remember in RNA Uracil replaces Thymine).
17. Write out the complementary DNA sequence for the following strand:
5’ – AATCGGCTTAA – 3’
18. Write out the complementary RNA sequence for the same strand:
5’ – AATCGGCTTAA – 3’
19. Define the following terms: Monosomy, Trisomy, Homozygous, Homozygous Dominant,
Homozygous Recessive, Heterozygous, sex-linked inheritance, codominant inheritance,
incomplete dominant inheritance, genotype, phenotype, recessive disease, substitution
mutation, premature stop mutation.
20. Create a punnet square for a homozygous dominant female with a heterozygous male (NOT sex
linked). What is the probability of the child being homozygous dominant? Heterozygous?
21. Create a punnet square for a homozygous female with a recessive male (sex linked). What is the
probability of the child being homozygous dominant? Heterozygous?
22. During mitosis the parent cell has how many chromosomes? How many chromosomes does the
daughter cells have?
23. After two stages of meiosis how many cells are produced? In humans, how many chromosomes
does each of these cells have?
24. A human that inherits monosomy for the sex chromosomes will have a total of how many
chromosomes? How about trisomy?
25. What is mitosis? Draw all the steps involved in mitosis. Label the following structures: centrioles,
spindle fibres, sisters chromatids, and chromosomes. What would occur if mitosis started to
speed up uncontrollably?
26. What is cytokinesis?
27. What is a silent mutation? Is the same amino acid produced in a silent mutation?
Part C: Organ systems
28. Organize the following structures from simplest to most complex: tissue, organ, cell, organ
system
29. Organize the following according to when food enters our digestive system: ingestion,
absorption, egestion, digestion.
30. Label the following diagram and determine which of the following secrete: bile, amylase, or acid
31. Which of the previous structures are important for re-absorption of water, absorption of
digestive food, and which secretes digestive enzymes?
32. Compare arteries and veins? Which has thicker walls and why?
33. Which pathway does air take as it enters in through the nasal cavity and mouth.
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Where does gas exchange occur?
What is the function of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue?
How is blood pressure affected by exercise?
What is hypertension?
Compare a stroke versus a heart attack.
What is Crohn’s disease?
What is the role of the small intestine, specifically in the duodenum?
Draw, label, and explain the following terms of the respiratory system: esophagus, liver,
epiglottis, larynx, pharynx, and salivary glands.
42. What occurs when fluid goes “down the wrong pipe”?
43. Draw and explain how blood flows throughout the heart. Be sure to label all structures.
Part D: Microbiology
44. Name the six kingdoms.
45. What is the most common form of reproduction in bacteria
46. Fungi are vital to other organisms and to the proper functioning of ecosystems through their
role as:
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52.
53.
a. Producers
b. Carnivores
c. Herbivores
d. Decomposers
Explain how a dichotomous key works.
What are antibiotics used for. List 3 risks of antibiotics?
Compare antibiotics with vaccines.
Why is it important for a majority of people to get annual vaccine? Explain how this relates to
community immunity.
What are some effective ways of avoiding infection?
Compare and contrast the cell structures of eukaryotes such as fungi, protozoa, and algae
Review labeling the following diagrams: Respiratory System, Digestive System, the Heart,
Bacteria, Microscope, Plant Cell, and Animal Cell.
Good Luck!