Biology Final Study Guide
Not Extra Credit
Hint: use your notes!!!
Unit 1: Intro to Science
1.
Define: asexual reproduction, enzyme, homeostasis, metabolism, sexual reproduction,
2.
What are the characteristics of living things?
3.
What is plant tropism and what are the different types of tropism covered in class?
4.
What is the structure & function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids?
5.
Compare & contrast antibodies & antigens
Unit 2: Cells
6.
Define: active transport, diffusion, eukaryote, facilitated diffusion, prokaryote, osmosis
7.
What does the cell theory state?
8.
What are the structure of viruses?
9.
Know the functions of the following cellular structures: nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, & cell membrane
10.
Compare & contrast the following: a.
Prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells b.
Animal & plant cells c.
Viruses & cells d.
Passive diffusion & active transport (types, movement, energy)
Unit 3: Plants & Ecology
11.
Define: phloem, stomata, vascular tissue, xylem, abiotic factor, biosphere, biotic factor, carrying capacity, community, ecosystem, limiting factors, population.
12.
Be able to identify the following: carnivores, decomposers, herbivores, primary consumers, producers, omnivores, & secondary consumers
13.
How does energy travels through a food web or chain? What is always the bottom of a food web or chain and why?
14.
What are the three types of symbiotic relationships and give an example of each?
15.
Draw logistic and exponential growth models.
16.
Compare & contrast chloroplast & mitochondria (job, what cell types have it, equation)
17.
What are the main steps in the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle?
Unit 4: Heredity
18.
Define: allele, co-dominant, diploid, gamete, gene, genotype, haploid, heterozygous, homozygous, incomplete dominance, phenotype
19.
What are chromosomes? a.
How many chromosomes do humans have? b.
How many are passed on to offspring?
20.
What occurs during the stages of mitosis & meiosis?
Compare & contrast mitosis and meiosis (# of cells made, type of cells, # of chromosomes)? 21.
22.
What are mutations and how can it lead to cancer?
23.
What is the genotype for a homozygous recessive individual? Homozygous dominant individual? Heterozygous individual?
24.
What were Mendel’s three principles of heredity? Know how to perform a simple Punnett square.
25.
What are X-linked traits? Can males be carriers for X-linked traits?

Unit 5 & 6: Genetics & Ad Genetics
26.
What is the basic structure of DNA?
27.
Compare & contrast the following: a.
DNA & RNA (sugar, bases, # of strands)? b.
Replication, transcription, & translation (where does it take place, what does it start with, and what does it make)?
28.
What are mutations and how can it lead to cancer?
29.
Understand pros of DNA fingerprints, gene therapy, genetic engineering, & cloning. Be able to interpret DNA fingerprint.
Unit 7: Evolution
30.
Define: evolution, descent with modification, fossils, half-life, homologous structures, vestigial structures
31.
What does the fossil record indicate about evolution?
32.
Explain how natural selection works.
33.
Compare & contrast natural & artificial selection.
34.
What are the two sources of genetic variation?