Unit 3 Overview /Reading Worksheets/ Vocabulary
Cell Structure and Function
and
Homeostasis and Transport
Unit 3 Overview: Cell Structure and Function
Learning Targets & Eligible Content & Performance Tasks
Unifying Themes of Unit
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
2. Living things require mechanisms of homeostasis.
Unit Learning Targets
1. I can compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. I can describe how membrane-bound organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
vesicles) transport and move materials throughout a cell.
3. I can describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory
structure as well as a protective barrier for a cell.
4. I can compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane.
Passive Transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Active Transport: pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
5. I can explain a variety of ways that organisms maintain homeostasis.
Keystone Exam Eligible Content:
BIO.A.1.2.1 Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
BIO.A.1.2.2 Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of
biological organization (i. e., organelles, cells ,tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular
organisms)
BIO.A.4.1.1 Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory
structure and/or protective barrier for a cell.
BIO.A.4.1.2 Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane
BIO.A.4.1.3 Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles facilitate the transport of materials
within a cell
BIO.A.4.2.1 Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation,
oxygen regulation)
Learning Targets
“Knows”
Basic structure of prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells
Cell structures and functions
Methods of cell transport
Unit 1 Big Performance Tasks
Cell Concept Map
Unit 1 Quizzes/ Tests
Cell Structure and Function
Eligible Content quizzes (2)
“Dos”
Compare/contrast prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells
Relate the structure and function of cell parts
Describe the structure and function of the
plasma membrane and its role in homeostasis
Compare and Contrast passive/active transport
Describe methods of passive transport
Describe methods of active transport
Labs
Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Microscopic Comparison of Plant & Animal Cells
Diffusion Lab
Osmosis Lab
Homework
3.1 __________________________________________________ (heading of section)
Key Concept ________________________________________________________________
1. The invention of what instrument aided in the discovery and understanding of cells?
_____________________________________________
2. Who gave cells their name ? __________________________________________________
3. What did the compartments in the cork remind him of? ____________________________
4. Who gave the name “animalcules” to the microscopic organisms he saw swimming in
a drop of pond water? ________________________
5. Who stated that all animals and other living things are made of cells? ___________________
6. Who proposed that all cells were made from other living cells? ________________________
7. Who stated that all plants are made of cells? _______________________________________
8. Write down the definition of “theory” found in your book’s glossary
__________________________________________________________________________
9. List the 3 major principles of the Cell Theory
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. List the two broad categories of cells and explain the structural differences between them.
______________________________
___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3.2 _____________________________________________________________
Key Concept ___________________________________________________________________
Define “organelle” ______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Organelle
Function of Organelle
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Vesicle
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Lysosome
Centriole
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
List the organelles which are involved in making proteins?
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Section 3.3 Lesson Reinforcement
Cell Membrane (pp. 81 – 83)
Key Concept __________________________________________________
1. How many smaller molecules make up the phospholipid structure? ___
2. Draw one phospholipid molecule and label the molecules in it
3. Use the diagram numbers below to answer the following questions.
Which area of the cell membrane is hydrophilic? ____
Which area of the cell membrane is hydrophobic? ______
4. What is a phospholipid composed of?
a. A polar head and nonpolar tails
b. A nonpolar head and polar tails
5. Circle the correct answer: Which model did scientists develop to describe the cell membrane
a. Phospholipid Model
b. Dynamic Model
c. Fluid Mosaic Model
6. Define what the model in #5 means _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. What word best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
a. Layered
b. Rigid
c. Impermeable
8. Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
a. Some molecules pass through membrane
b. Only Large molecules can push through the membrane
c. All molecules can pass through the membrane
9. Which type of molecules can easily pass through the membrane (circle all the apply)
a. Small molecules
b. Non charged molecules
c. Polar molecules
d. Nonpolar molecules
e. Ions
f. Large
10. What molecules serve as identification tags on the cell’s outer membrane?
_______________________________________________________________________
11. Give an example of why it is important for a cell to be able to “identify” itself.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
12. Name 3 roles that protein molecules have in the cell membrane
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
13. Which molecule provides strength and flexibility to the membrane?
______________________________
14. What is the relationship between a ligand and a receptor – what happens in the cell when these two
molecules come together? ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
15. Explain the difference between a membrane receptor and an intracellular receptor.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Reading Worksheet
Section 3.4 Diffusion and Osmosis
Key Concept _____________________________________________________ ____
Main Idea ______________________________________________________________________
1.
How is it that you “know” when chocolate chip cookies are being baked in the kitchen even
when you cannot see them? You might answer that you can smell them. But what allows you to smell
them the strongest when you are in the kitchen but the smell is weaker in the basement?
________________________________________________________________________
2. Define “passive transport” ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Diffusion is one form of passive transport. Define “diffusion”and explain what it results from.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. In which direction do molecules naturally diffuse? __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. What does “concentration” mean _______________________________________________________
6. What term means that the concentration of molecules is the same throughout the solution but are
still in constant motion? _______________________________________
7. What are 2 groups of molecules that easily diffuse across the cell membrane?
___________________________
_____________________________
8. True/False Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide can easily diffuse across the cell membrane.
9. What does the term “facilitate” mean? _______________________________________.
10.What type of organic molecule, embedded in the cell membrane, facilitates the movement of either
large molecules or charged particles (like ions or polar molecules), to pass through the membrane?
__________________
11.
Explain why some molecules cannot pass easily through the membrane on their own and
need to be transported across the cell membrane by a protein.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. _________________is the special term given to the diffusion of water molecules across a
membrane.
13. In an aqueous solution the dissolved molecules are called the _______________ and
the water which does the dissolving is called the _________________.
14. In an isotonic solution, a cell’s size will Stay the same/Get bigger or burst/ Get smaller
15. In a hypertonic solution, a cell’s size will Stay the same/Get bigger or burst/ Get smaller
16. In a hypotonic solution, a cell’s size will Stay the same/Get bigger or burst/Get smaller
17. What adaptation does a plant cell have to cause it from bursting in a hypotonic solution?
_____________________
18.
What adaptation does a paramecium (type of protist) have to keep it from bursting?
___________________________________________
19.
What would happen to a houseplant if you water it with salt water (a hypertonic solution)?
a. It cells would not change shape
b. The plant cells would get bigger
c. The cells would lose water and the plant would wilt
20. Identify the type of solution each cell was placed in as well as if it is an animal or plant cell.
Lesson Reinforcement Sections 3.4 and 3.5
3.4 Main Ideas
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.5 Main Ideas
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
1. Compare and Contrast Passive and Active Transport in terms of 3 types of each, the direction along
the concentration gradient that materials are moved, source of energy
Passive Transport__________________________Active Transport_______________
2. Explain what a concentration gradient is and what it means for a molecule to diffuse along or “down”
its concentration gradient – think about what area of concentration it is moving from and to.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. How do transport proteins that are pumps differ from those that are channels?
Pumps are used in _______________ transport. Channels are used in ________________ transport.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Small lipid (nonpolar) molecules are in high concentration outside a cell. They cross the membrane
into the cell through their own movement. Which type of transport describes this action? Does it
require the cell to use energy? _________________________________________________________
5. Ions are in low concentration outside a cell. They are moved rapidly into the cell by protein molecules
embedded in the cell membrane. Which type of transport is this? Does it require the cell to use energy?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Suppose molecules were unable to diffuse into and out of cells. How might life be different if cells
had to use active transport to move every substance? Explain your reasoning.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________