Name_________________________
Keystone Biology
Module A.1 Review
1. What are the 7 characteristics of living things?
1. Order 2. Growth and development 3. Homeostasis 4.
Metabolism 5. Response to a stimulus 6. Reproduction 7.
Evolutionary adaptation
2. Define each of the 7 characteristics from question 1.
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3. Give an example of a living thing portraying each of the 7 characteristics of life.
Order=cells
Growth and development=zygote to a human baby
Homeostasis=maintaining body temperature
Metabolism=digesting food
Response to a stimulus=plants growing towards sunlight
Reproduction=bacteria dividing
Evolutionary adaptation=echolocation in dolphins
4. What are the levels of organization of a multicellular organism?
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism
5. Give an example of how the structure of each level would fit the function of that level
for a human (may want to use ideas from your poster for this one).
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6. What are 4 parts that EVERY cell has?
Cytoplasm, cell (plasma) membrane, genetic material (DNA) and
ribosomes
7. What are the two major groups of cells on earth?
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
8. What is the primary difference between these two types of cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organelles and a nucleus,
while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles and a
nucleus. Also, eukaryotic cells are much larger and have linear
chromosomes; whereas, prokaryotic cells are much smaller and
have circular chromosomes.
9. Why are all cells microscopic?
Cell are microscopic because it allows them to remain efficient in
exchanging nutrients and waste with their environment. If they
were too large they would not be able to bring in enough
nutrients to keep up with their needs.
10. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Why are prokaryotic cells much
smaller than eukaryotic cells?
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11. What allows eukaryotic cells to be much larger than prokaryotic cells?
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Eukaryotic cells can be much larger because they have each job
compartmentalized into different organelles. This makes them
more efficient.
12. Identify the function of each part of a prokaryotic cell listed below:
a. Pilus
Structure on the outside of a prokaryotic cell that anchors to
surfaces and other cells.
b. Flagellum
Whip-like structure used in movement of a cell.
c. Capsule
Covering of a prokaryotic cell that protects the cell from
threats in its environment.
d. Cell wall
Layer just under the capsule that also provides protection
but gives the cell shape and support as well
e. Ribosome
Small structures in the cell that make all the proteins of the
cell
f. Nucleoid
Region of the cell where the DNA is located
g. Plasmid
Small, circular pieces of the DNA that are picked up from
other cells or the environment that contain genes to help a
prokaryotic cell
h. DNA
Genetic material of the cell, NOT covered by a nucleus and
contains all the instructions needed to run the cell
13. Identify the function of each part of an animal cell listed below:
a. Nucleus
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Region of the cell where the chromatin (DNA) is located.
Carries instructions to run the cell. Membrane that
surrounds it is called the nuclear envelope, also contains the
nucleolus.
b. Chromatin
DNA of a eukaryotic cell. DNA contains instructions to build
all proteins therefore running the cell.
c. Cytoskeleton
Proteins in the cell that give a eukaryotic cell both its shape
and its structure.
d. Cell membrane
Barrier between the cell and its external environment.
Exchanges materials with between the environment and the
cell.
e. Golgi body
Flattened membrane sacs that are stacked on each other.
Receives products (proteins, lipids) from rough ER and
modifies, packages and ships them to their destination.
f. Lysosome
Membrane sacs in the cell filled with digestive enzymes in
the cell that break down food and any unwanted objects.
g. Centrosome with centrioles
Structure in cells that makes and organizes the cytoskeleton.
Animal cells only have centrioles
h. Mitochondrion
Membrane structure in the cell that carries out cellular
respiration, which makes almost all the ATP (energy) for the
cell.
i.
Smooth ER
Folded membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus and
has NO ribosomes. Responsible for making lipids (fats,
steroids, phospholipids) that the cell needs.
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14. Identify the function of each part of the plant cell listed below:
a. Nucleolus
Darker portion of the nucleus that makes ribosomes
b. Ribosome
Structures in the cell that are in the cytoplasm or bound to
ER that build proteins.
c. Rough ER
Folded membrane structure just outside the nucleus that
has ribosomes and makes proteins that will leave the cell.
d. Cell wall
Structure outside the cell wall that provides protection,
support and shape for a PLANT cell
e. Chloroplast
Membrane bound structure found ONLY in PLANT cells that
performs photosynthesis
f. Central vacuole
Large vacuole in PLANT cells that stores large amounts of
water. Helps give the cell shape and structure.
g. Cell membrane
Barrier between the cell and its external environment.
Exchanges materials with between the environment and the
cell.
h. Chromatin
DNA of a eukaryotic cell. DNA contains instructions to build
all proteins therefore running the cell.
15. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a
living thing.
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
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16. Complete the following table comparing a prokaryotic, animal and plant cells.
Characteristic
Nucleus and
organelles
Ribosomes
Prokaryotic
X
Animal
Plant
X
X
X
X
Cell wall
X
Cell membrane
X
X
X
DNA
X
X
X
X
X
LARGER
LARGER
Cytoskeleton
Size of cell
Chloroplast
SMALLER
X
X
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