Atom and Periodic Table Notes
A. Identifying Elements
1. _______________________ - the smallest unit of matter that still
retains properties of the element.
2. _______________________ – positively charged center of the
atom
a. _______________________ have a positive charge, 1 amu,
and are in the _______________________.
b. _______________________ have no charge, 1 amu, and are in
the nucleus.
3. _______________________ _______________________ - space
around the nucleus where the electrons are found
a. _______________________ have a negative charge, nearly
no mass, and its likely location within the
_______________________ _______________________
is based on energy
B. Atomic Structure
1. _______________________ _______________________ is used
to identify the element by representing the number of protons.
2. _________________ _____________ __________________ –
unit of measurement used for atomic mass
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
3. _______________________ _______________________ is the
average mass of all the isotopes within a sample of matter. This is
found on the _______________________
_______________________.
Atomic mass – Atomic number = Number of
_______________________
4. _______________________ _______________________ contain
electrons orbiting the nucleus arranged in order of lowest energy to
highest energy.
5. _______________________ _______________________ –
number of electrons at each energy level. Can be found on some
periodic tables.
Atomic
Atomic
#
#
#
Electron
Number
Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Arrangement
Carbon
6
12
Potassium
19
39
Phosphorus
15
Manganese
25
Element
Silver
47
Krypton
36
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
C. Drawing atoms - _______________________
_______________________ is a representation of the arrangement of
electrons around the nucleus.
1. Identify _______________________ of P, N, and E at each energy
level.
2. Label # P and # N inside the _______________________
3. Mark the electron arrangement, draw _______________________
for each energy level
4. Spread out E at each _______________________ level.
D. Periodic Table - The periodic table is a classification system.
1. Vertical columns of elements are called groups or families. Elements
within the same group or family have similar but not identical
properties
2. Horizontal rows are called periods. The properties change as you go
across a row, however there is a pattern to this change
E. Element Key – Information about _______________________ are listed
on the periodic table. This may include the element name, chemical symbol,
atomic number, and atomic mass.
6
________________ _________________
C
Carbon
________________ _________________
12
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
F. Metals
1. Found to the left of the staircase line, including aluminum
2. Identified by their shine
3. Generally high melting points
4. Generally high densities
5. Malleable – able to the hammered into a thin sheet
6. Ductile – able to be stretched or pulled into wires
7. Good conducts heat and electricity
G. Nonmetals
1. Found to the right of the staircase line, includes hydrogen
2. Not shiny, dull in appearance
3. Usually low melting points
4. Usually low densities
5. Brittle, hard or soft
6. Poor conductors of heat and electricity
H. Metalloids
1. Found along the staircase line, minus aluminum
2. Can be shiny or dull
3. Fairly high melting points
4. Conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as
metals.
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
I. Classifying matter
1. _______________________ – Pure substance made up of only one
kind of atom
1. Ex) iron nail, copper penny, gold ring
2. _______________________ - Pure substance made up of two or
more elements chemically bonded
2. Ex) water, hydrogen peroxide, sugar, salt
3. _______________________ - Combinations of two or more
substances that do not combine to make a new substance.
3. Ex) air, blood, fruit salad, salt water
J. Compounds
1. Cannot be _______________________ by simple means
2. Elements gain _______________________ properties when they
form a compound
3. _______________________ _______________________ – a way
of describing the number of atoms that make up one molecule of a
compound
a. _______________________ – smallest particle of a
substance that still has the properties of that substance
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
K. Mixtures
1. Each substance retains its own _______________________ and
_______________________ properties
2. Does not need to contain the same _______________________ of
each substance
3. Separation techniques: mechanically, _______________________,
sieves, sifters, evaporation, magnets, distillation, centrifuge
4. Two types of mixtures – heterogeneous and homogeneous
a. _____________________________ mixtures – heterogeneous
means “different throughout.” Heterogeneous mixtures have
larger parts that are different from each other. Ex) milk, taco,
suspensions
b. ____________________________ mixtures – homogeneous
means “the same throughout.” Homogeneous mixtures have
uniform composition, appearance, and properties. Ex) brass,
black coffee, solutions
L. Kinetic Theory of matter
1. Matter is composed of a large number of small particles—individual
atoms or molecules—that are in constant
_______________________.
2. The _______________________ of an object is the average kinetic
energy of the particles. Faster particles mean a higher temperature.
3. State or Phase Changes:
1. _______________________ is a change from solid to liquid,
energy is absorbed
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Atom and Periodic Table Notes
2. _______________________ is a change from liquid to solid,
energy is released
3. _______________________ is vaporization which occurs
below the liquid’s surface as it changes to a gas, energy is
absorbed
4. _______________________ is vaporization which occurs at
the surface of a liquid as it changes to a gas, energy is absorbed
5. _______________________ is a change from gas to liquid,
energy is released.
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