2nd Semester Study Guide
Rocks
Rock cycle
-be able to describe and answer questions about the rock cycle
-what process rocks go through from one type to another
-law of conservation of matter
-James Hutton/uniformitarianism
Igneous rocks
-difference between lava and magma
-3 types of magma
-intrusive/extrusive
-texture
Sedimentary rocks
-3 types: clastic or chemical
-form in layers (stratification)
-form on surface of Earth
-how each type forms
-how ripple marks and mud cracks form
-know what nodules and geodes are
Metamorphic rocks
-3 roads to metamorphic rocks (heat, pressure, and hot fluids)
-foliated and non-foliated
-regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism
Rocks
-answer questions about them
-parent rock for metas
-foliated for metas
-type of rock
-grain size for clastic seds
-origin (where formed)
-intrusive/extrusive for igneous
-ocean, riverbeds, swamps for sedimentary
Plate Tectonics
Continental drift
-Alfred Wegner
Evidence for supercontinent and drift
-4 pieces that support continental drift
Other theories
-isthmus
-island stepping stones
-log ferry
-etc.
Plate tectonics theory
3 types of plate boundaries
-what happens at each
Seafloor spreading ridge
-how it works
-locations
Rift and rift valley
-how it forms
-locations
Subduction zone
-how it forms
-locations
13 plates
-names and locations
-use the map (hint, hint)
Seismology
-seismograph
-seismogram
EQ waves
-names
-way they travel (compressional, oscillating, etc.)
-rates they travel
-damage they cause
Quake locations
-three terms involved with locating a quake
EQ measurements
-intensity and magnitude
-different scales
Destruction determinators
-4 factors
5 after effects of EQs
Famous Quakes
-China
-New Madrid
-San Francisco, CA
-Chile
-Alaska
-Loma Prieta, CA
-Northridge, CA
-Sumatra, Indian Ocean
-Haiti
-know dates, magnitudes, after effects (tsunamis, aftershocks, etc.), deaths, etc.
Types of Deformation
-two types
-examples of each (chips, taffy, etc.)
Types of folds
-3 types
-what each looks like
-domes and basins
Types of faults
-names
-type of movement
-identify these using pictures
Joints
Types of mountain building
-3 types
-processes
-locations
Volcanoes
-viscosity
-violence of eruption
-3 factors
-volatiles or gasses in magma
-2 main ones
-types of magma
-3 kinds
-types of lava
-2 kinds
-pyroclastic material
-4 things
-volcano parts
-4 main parts
-3 types of volcanoes
-distinguishing features
- nuée ardente and lahars
Oceanography
Ocean Floor Notes
-% of water-land
-nicknames of hemispheres
-4 oceans
-bathymetry
-passive continental margins
-continental shelf
-continental slope
-continental rise
-submarine canyons
-turbidity currents (and turbidites)
-active continental margins
-subduction zones
-trenches
-ocean basin
-abyssal plain
-seamount
-guyots
-mid-ocean ridge (seafloor spreading ridge)
-resources from the ocean
Ocean Water and Life Notes
-salinity
-sources
-reasons for increase
-reasons for decrease
-temperature
-thermocline
-temps at diff. latitudes
-density
-why associated with salinity and temp
-pycnocline
-layering
-surface mixed zone
-transition zone
-deep ocean
-types of creatures
-plankton
-nekton
-benthos
-zones
-classified by amt of light
-photic
-aphotic
-classified by distance from shore
-intertidal zone
-neritic zone
-oceanic zone
-classified by water depth
-pelagic zone
-benthic zone
-abyssal zone
-where most nutrient-rich water is
-food chain
-food web
Dynamic Ocean Notes
-currents
-gyres
-causes
-coriolis effect
-wind
-affects on climate
-upwelling
-waves
-parts
-measurements
-refraction
-beach erosion
-beach drift
-longshore current
-features
-beach deposition
-spit
-baymouth bar
-tombolo
-barrier island
-stabilizing a beach
-groin
-breakwater
-seawall
-beach nourishment
-tides
-causes
-spring
-neap
-diurnal
-semidiurnal
-mixed
Environmental Science
Saving the World
-climate change
-overpopulation
-non-native organisms (invasive species)
-deforestation
-ways to help
-alternate energy
-wind
-solar
-nuclear
-hydro
-geothermal
-biomass
-tidal