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Chapter 2 Terms and Names
Section 1:
 Hernándo Cortés: led an army into the American mainland, to claim land for Spain.
 Conquistador: explorers that conquer the land
 New Spain: colony founded by Cortes, whose capital was Mexico City
 Mestizo: mixed Spanish and Native American population
 Encomienda: natives farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish landlords, who had received the rights to their labor from Spanish authorities.
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Juan Ponce de León: an explorer who found La Florida known as Florida today.
 New Mexico: large community, called congregaciones, that was part of Spain’s northern land
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Popé: Pueblo religious leader punished for his worship practices
Section 2
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John Smith: He fought for land. He would see an opportunity and he would go for it.
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Joint-stock company: A company with several investors that pool their money together to purchase a colony.
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Jamestown: Land that was named after King James. The Virginia Company purchased the land in
Virginia. There was a lot of death and the settlement failed in the beginning.
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Powhatan: A group of Native American peoples that lived in eastern Virginia at the time of the first
English settlement.
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Headright system: anyone who paid their own or another’s passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land.
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Indentured servent: in exchange for the trip to North America, food and shelter upon arrival, they agreed to a limited term of servitude, usually 4-7 years.
 Royal Colony: a colony under the direct control of the King.
 Nathaniel Bacon: led a rebellion of frontier colonists
Section 3
 Puritans: a group of church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England.
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John Winthrop: the first governor of the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
 Separatists: a group of Puritans that formed independent congregations, being completely “separate” from the Church of England.
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Plymouth Colony: the second permanent English colony in North America founded by the Separatists.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony: colony founded by the Puritans aboard the Arbella. Winthrop was the 1 st
Governor.
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Roger Williams: He was an extreme separatist that believed there should be a separation of church and state and religious freedom.
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Anne Hutchinson: she was banished for teaching that worshipers needed neither the church nor its ministers to interpret the Bible for them.
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Pequot War: a 1637 conflict in which the Pequot nation battled Connecticut colonists and their
Narragansett allies. It ended in a massacre against the Pequot.
 Metacom: a Wampanoag Chief, that the English called King Philip, he organized a war against the
Puritans.
 King Philip’s War: in 1675 Native Americans attacked the Puritans. It was a yearlong war with mutual brutality and destruction. Native Americans surrendered or fled.
Section 4

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William Penn: was a Quaker who had radical religious and social beliefs. He got the land, now known as Pennsylvania, from King Charles II for money he owed Penn’s father. His colony attracted people of many faiths.
 New Netherland: the Dutch government granted permission to start this new colony. New Amsterdam
(now NYC), the capital of the colony, was founded in 1625. The colony was founded to expand the thriving fur trade.
 Proprietor: owner
 Quakers: believe that God was in everyone. They do not have formal ministers. They dress plainly and they are opposed to war and do not serve in the military.