Acids and Bases
Pg 454
Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
According to Arrhenius, what is an acid?
What does it produce in water?
According to Arrhenius, what is an base?
What does it produce in water?
Define:
Ionization
Dissociation
Write the dissociation/ionization equations for:
a) HI(aq)
b)
KCl(s)
c)
HC2H3O2 (l)
Property
Acids
Bases
Texture
Electrical Conductivity (aq)
pH
Indicator Colours
- Litmus
- Phenolpthalein
Corrosion
Reactions
- Metals
- Carbonates
Examples
The pH Scale
What is the pH Scale?
What is acid and what is
base using this scale?
What is the pH of water?
What ions make water?
How to Calculate pH
To calculate the pH of an aqueous solution you need to know the concentration of
the hydrogen (H+) or hydronium ion (H3O+) in moles per liter (molarity). The pH is
then calculated using the expression:
pH = - log [H+].
Example: Find the pH of a 0.0025 M HCl solution. The HCl is a strong acid and is
100% ionized in water. The hydronium ion concentration is 0.0025 M. Thus:
pH = - log (0.0025) = - ( - 2.60) = 2.60
Calculate the pH of the following
a) 0.0005 mol/L HCl(aq)
b) 0.000125 mol/L nitric acid
c) 0.000025 mol/L H2SO4(aq)
What are Acid Base Indicators.
How do they work?
Do Pg 457 #1,2, 4
What is a Strong Acid?
Give examples of Strong Acids and write their ionization/dissociation equation
(table 10.3)
What are Weak Acids?
Explain Strong Binary Acids
Explain Strong Oxyacids
What is a Strong Base?
What is a Weak Base?
Do Pg 462 # 7 – 10, Pg 463 # 6 – 12
Neutralization Reactions
When a strong acid and a strong base solution are mixed, a neutralization reaction occurs, and the
products do not have characteristics of either acids or bases. Instead, a neutral salt and water are
formed. Look at the reaction below:
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)
H 2 O (l) + NaCl (aq)
Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following neutralization reactions:
1) hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide
2) hydrochloric acid + aluminum hydroxide
3) sulphuric acid + barium hydroxide
4) phosphoric acid + potassium hydroxide
5) hydrobromic acid + potassium carbonate
6) nitric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate
7) sulphurous acid + iron(III) hydroxide
For # 1, 3, & 5 – write the total ionic and net ionic equations below