Acids, Bases, Neutralization & pH
Acids
When ____________________ bonded compounds ____________________ in water, they often
____________________, or break apart, into individual ____________________. Common table salt (sodium
chloride) is a good example.
NaCl

Na+
+
Clsodium chloride sodium ion
chloride ion
The dissociation of sodium chloride produces the _________________________ (Na+) and the
_________________________ (Cl-). Many other compounds follow this general pattern when they
____________________ in water. One group of compounds, however, deserves special attention. Consider
the following dissociation reaction:
HCl

H+
+
hydrochloric
hydrogen
acid
ion
Clchloride
ion
At first glance this compound ____________________ in the same way that ____________________ does.
Just like salt, it produces a _________________________ (Cl-). But the _________________________ (H+)
that is produced is very ____________________ from the _________________________ (Na+). The H+ is the
________________________________________ known. It is a single ____________________, lacking any
____________________. This ____________________ of electrons enables the
_________________________ to attack the chemical bonds in a wide variety of ____________________.
Dissociation of an Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Acids
Compounds that release _________________________ into ____________________ are known as
____________________, and we know HCl as ____________________. Can you name some other examples
of acids?
1.
3.
2.
4.
Bases
____________________ are compounds that release _________________________ (OH-) into solution.
_____________________________ is an example of a base.
NaOH

Na+
+
OHsodium
sodium
hydroxide
hydroxide
ion
ion
Dissociation of a Base
Acids & Bases
Strong ____________________ and ____________________ are highly ____________________ chemical
compounds. They can attack and ____________________ a variety of ____________________, thus making
them potentially dangerous to _________________________.
Neutralization & pH
Mixing a _________________________ and a _________________________ results in a reaction in which
_________________________ and _________________________ react to form ____________________.
This type of reaction is called a ____________________ reaction. Can you guess the reason for this name?
H+
+
OH
hydrogen hydroxide
ion
ion
H2O
water
If the quantities of acid and base being mixed are in ____________________, the neutralized solution that
results is neither ____________________ nor ____________________. The concentrations of
_________________________ and _________________________ are ____________________. The relative
____________________ of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a ____________________ is an important
indicator of the ____________________ of the solution. A measurement system known as the
____________________ indicates the relative concentrations of these ____________________.
The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____. _________________________, in which the concentrations of H+
and OH- ions are ____________________, has a pH value of _____. Acids have pH values of
_________________________. _________________________, such as those used to help
_________________________ in the stomach, have pH values of ____________________. Bases have pH
values _________________________. _________________________, like _________________________,
have high pH values, ranging from ____________________. The pH values within most
____________________ range from ____________________. These _________________________ values
are maintained by ____________________ that help prevent sharp, sudden swings of _____, which might
cause ________________________________________within living tissues.