Elements of Chemistry: Acids & Bases
1. Water molecules are _______________________ molecules that are constantly in _________________
2. Water has a tendency to ______________.
3. COMPLETE THE EQUATION:
2H2O  ______ + ______
4. Neutral water has the same concentration of [H3O+ ] and [OH-], which is ____________________
5. Both are electrolytes, which means that they improve water’s ability to __________________________
6. COMPLETE THE EQUATIONS:
HCl + H2O  _____ + ____
NaOH  ____ + _____
7. Arrhenius defined an acid as any substance that forms ______________________________ in solution.
8. Arrhenius defined a base as any substance that forms ___________________________ in solution.
9. Bronsted-Lowry defined an acid as any substance that ________________________________________
10. Bronsted-Lowry defined a base as any substance that _________________________________________
11. Strong acids ionize __________________, while weak acids barely _____________________ at all.
12. What is the difference in the ARROW in the equations for a strong and weak acid?_________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. The pH scale is a logarithmic scale based on _______________________________________________
14. What are the pH values of the following hydronium ion concentrations?
a. 10-7 = ____
b. 10-2 = ___
c. 10-12 = ___
15. Adding an acid to a pure water solution increases the concentration of __________________________,
thus lowering the pH.
16. Adding a base to a pure water solution, the base will _____________________ hydronium ions,
lowering the overall concentration and raising the pH.
17. Fill in the neutralization equation:
________ + ________  _________ + __________
18. To maintain a healthy pH, many organisms employ a chemical system called a _________________
19. The buffer system in our bodies includes both _____________ and ______________
20.