Grade 1 Inversion Ankle Sprain
Mild stretching or tearing of the
Anteriotalofibular (ATF) ligament
Grade 2 Inversion Ankle Sprain
Anteriotalofibular (ATF) ligament and the
Calcaneofibular (CF) are injured
Grade 3 Inversion Ankle Sprain
Injury to the Anteriotalofibular (ATF),
Calcaneofibular (CF), and Posteriotalofibular
(PTF) ligaments
Eversion Ankle Sprain
Injury to the Deltoid Ligament
Syndesmosis (high) Ankle Sprain
Forced external rotation of the ankle, pain on
the anterolateral leg.
Achilles Tendonitits
Microtears and chronic inflammation of the
Achilles tendon, causing tenderness, swelling,
and weakness in dorsiflexion
Severs Disease (apophysitis)
Achilles tendon pulls away from its insertion
on the calcaneous
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Microtears in the Achilles tendon, will hear a
“pop” with sudden pushing off, weekend
warrior injury
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
“shin splints” running on different surfaces,
overtraining, develops slowly
Skull Fracture
Severe headache, skin indentation, CSF fluid in
ears and nose
Concussion
Confusion, headache, dizziness, feels out of it,
sensitivity to noise and light
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Mild headache progressing to severe head
pains, bleeding within the cranium
Epidural Bleeding
Fast, arterial bleed caused by a blow to the
head
Subdural Bleeding
Slow, venous bleed caused by a blow to the
head
Intracerebral Bleeding
Bleeding within the brain, neurological
deterioration
Post Concussive Syndrome
Symptoms that linger after a concussion,
anxiety, depression, impaired memory, lack of
concentration
Second Impact Syndrome
Contrecoup
Second head injury before the initial injury has
healed. Athlete will collapse, severe swelling
of brain.
Brain bounces off the front and the back of
the skull, creating injury on the opposite side
of the impact.
Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Lungs accumulate fluid in alveolar walls
forming pulmonary edema
Quad Strain
Sudden stretch/contraction (kicking, jumping),
spasm, pain, loss of function
Heat Rash (prickly heat)
Caused by muscle fatigue, faulty posture. Pain,
loss of function. Treat extremely
conservatively.
Result of continuously wet un-evaporated
sweat
Heat Syncope (heat collapse)
rapid fatigue and overexposure, standing in
heat for long periods of time, fainting
Hamstring Strain
Heat Cramps
Exertional Heat Exhaustion
Exertional Heatstroke
Painful muscle spasms (calf, abdominal) due to
excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance
profuse sweating, pale skin, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting or diarrhea,persistent muscle
cramps, and loss of coordination, <104
sudden onset collapse, LOC, CNS dysfunction,
flushed hot skin, minimal sweating, shallow
breathing, strong rapid pulse, core temp> 104
Hypothermia
Decreased body temperature
Frost nip
Skin appears firm with cold painless areas that
may peel and blister (24-72 hours)
Superficial Frostbite
Skin appears pale, hard, cold and waxy
Deep Frostbite
Tissue will become blotchy red, swollen,
painful and may become gangrenous
AQI
Air Quality Index
Acute Mountain Sickness
Caused by brain disruption associated with
sodium potassium imbalance resulting in fluid
retention and cellular pressure changes