Part 5
Dr. S. Nishan Silva
(MBBS)
Sports related injury First Aid
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Mechanism
Sprains
Strains
Dislocation
Management
Drowning
Assessment
HIGHENERGY
INJURY
LOW ENERGY INJURY
Ankle Sprain
Ankle Sprain
Ankle Sprain - Mechanism
Ankle Sprain - Symptoms
Knee Sprain
Wrist
Sprain
Strains-hamstring
Strains- groin
Strains-quad
Strains-quad
Strains-hamstring
Strains-hamstring
Other
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Achillis tendon injury
Hip joint injuries
Elbow impact
Finger and toes sprains
Sports Assessment
• On field Assessment
– Mild pain -> No significant signs -> No movement
difficulty -> Allow to play
• Side line Assessment
– Moderate pain -> Signs or movement difficulty ->
examine on side lines
– Normal -> Back to playing after a rest
– Abnormal -> Office examination
• Office Assessment
– To decide whether to hospitalize, if so; now or later
Grades
• Grade 1
– Minimal tear
• Grade 2
– Partial Tear
• Grade 3
– Complete tear
Grades - Symptoms
• Grade 1
– Pain Alone
• Grade 2
– Pain plus Some loss of movement
• Grade 3
– Unable to move
Grades - Treatment
• Grade 1
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Analgesic cream / Spray
Analgesic tablet
Crape bandage
Play? -> Depend on severity of pain
Rehab later
• Grade 2
– No playing.
– Analgesics. Immobilize.
– Hospitalize later
• Grade 3
- Analgesics
- Hospitalize
First Aid
• PRICE
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Pain
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Pain - Analgesics
• Creams / Gels
– Methyl Salycilate, Diclofenac Sodium,
Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen etc
• Sprays
– NSAID
• Tablets
– Paracetamol, NSAID
Ice pack
Do NOT’s with ICE
• DO NOT place ice directly on the skin,
instead wrap it in a cloth
• DO NOT ice a wrist sprain for more than
20 minutes at a time
• DO NOT use heat or hot water soaks
during the first 24 hours following injury
Crape Bandage - Ankle
Crape Bandage - Wrist
Crape Bandage – Elbow or knee
Heat Stroke
• When increasing body temperature far
exceeds the body’s ability to lower it. A
true, life-threatening emergency, heat
stroke can result in a temperature in
excess of 105˚ F (40˚ C).
Heat Stroke - Features
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Rapid heartbeat
Rapid and shallow breathing
Elevated or lowered blood pressure
Cessation of sweating
Irritability, confusion or unconsciousness
Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
Headache
Nausea
Heat Stroke
• Move the person out of the sun and into a shady or airconditioned space.
• Call for medical help.
• Cool the person by covering him or her with damp
sheets or by spraying with cool water. Direct air onto the
person with a fan or newspaper.
• Have the person drink cool water or other nonalcoholic
beverage without caffeine, if he or she is able.
• If not, cover the head and torso with wet towels or sheets
and fan, and/or apply ice packs to the victim’s neck,
groin, and armpits.
• Provide continuous cooling until help arrives.
Drowning
• Move out of water
• Check ABC – Specially airway – Remove
any debri.
• Head lateral – Allow secretions out
• Consider CPR