Foot / Ankle
Charles Gordon
Tennis
Foot Anatomy - Bones
Foot Anatomy - Muscles
Inspection: Toe Postures
• Claw Toes
• Hammer Toes
• Morton’s Toes
• Hallux Abducto Valgus
Inspection: Arches
• Pes Planus: “Flat Feet”
• Pes Cavus: High arches
Ankle Anatomy - Bones
A. Lateral Malleolus
B. Distal Tibiofibular Joint
C. Fibula
D. Interosseous Membrane
E. Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
F. Head of Fibula
G. Lateral Condyle
H. Intercondylar Eminence
I. Medial Condyle
J. Tibial Tuberosity
K. Anterior Crest
L. Tibia
M. Medial Malleolus
Ankle Anatomy - Ligaments
• Ligament: Connects bones to other bones.
Ankle Anatomy – Muscles
• Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.
Anatomical Terminology
∙ Anterior
∙ Posterior
∙ Superior
∙ Inferior
∙ Medial
∙ Lateral
• Dorsal
• Plantar
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Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Eversion
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
Injury Overview
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Sprain: Stretching or tearing of ligamentous or capsular tissue.
Strain: Stretching or tearing of muscle fibers.
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the muscle tendon.
Fracture: A break in bone or cartilage.
Dislocation: Disassociation of the joint’s articulating surfaces
caused by forces that rupture many of the joint’s soft tissue
restraints.
• Stress Fracture: A fracture caused by repetitive stress, as may
occur in sports, strenuous exercise, or heavy physical labor.
Foot Injuries
• Plantar Fasciitis
– Inflammation of the plantar fascia
– MOI:
• Acute: Forced dorsiflexion with toe extension
• Chronic: Increased activity, additional running
distance, changing surface, and/or using new/different
shoes
Foot Injuries
• First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprain (“Turf
Toe”)
– Sprain of the 1st MTP joint.
– MOI:
• Hyperextension of the 1st MTP joint.
Ankle Injuries
• Inversion Ankle Sprain
– MOI: Inversion, plantarflexion, or
talor rotation in any combination
• Eversion Ankle Sprain
– MOI: Eversion and/or rotation
• Syndesmosis Sprains (“High Ankle
Sprains”)
– MOI: External rotation of the
talus and/or dorsiflexion
Ankle Injuries
• Achilles Tendon Rupture
– Rupture of the Achilles tendon
– MOI: Forceful plantarflexion with eccentric
loading (usually the result of eccentric
loading or plyometric contraction of the calf
musculature)
• Achilles Tendinitis
– Inflammation of the Achilles tendon
– MOI: Overuse or secondary to acute trauma
(example: a blow to the tendon), improperly
fitting shoes rubbing on the tendon may also
activate the inflammatory response
Rehabilitation
• Tennis Balls/Frozen
Bottles
• Baps Board
• Therabands
• Stable vs. Unstable
Surfaces
Foot/Ankle Taping
• Arch Taping
• Turf Toe
• Achilles Tendon Taping
• Closed Basketweave
Questions/Comments?