Unit 9—Describing Matter
1. What is matter?
a. Matter is anything that has __mass__ and ___takes____ __up
__space_____.
b. Types of matter: __solid______, __liquid_, _____gas________, and
___plasma___________.
c. All matter has both ___physical______ and __chemical__________
properties.
2. Physical Properties
a. Can be observed ___without_____ changing the ___identity______ of
the matter.
b. Identity is the ___molecular__________ formula of the matter. It is the
__stuff____ that makes up the matter. Water is H2O whether it is a solid,
liquid, or gas.
c. Examples: ___melting, freezing, solubility, density
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________
d. Density—describes the relationship between ___mass____ and
____volume_______.
i. Formula: D = m/v
ii. Trick: I -love-- density
iii. Measured in ___g/cm3______ for a solid
iv. Measured in ____g/ml_________for a liquid
v. Remember: 1 cm3 = 1 ml
3. Chemical Properties
a. Describe a substance based on its ability to ____change_____ into a new
substance with ___different__ properties.
b. It means that when observing this property it ___changes___________ the
___identity_______ of the matter. When 2 or more substances
____react_____ they change into new substances with _new_
__properties__
c. Examples: __flammability (can it burn?), reactivity
___rusting,_tarnishing,_patina_(the_color_of_the_statue_of_liberty)_
____________________________________________________________
4. Characteristic Properties
a. A property that is __unique____ to each substance. It can be used to
____identify__________ a substance.
b. It does __not____ depend on the __amount_____ of the material or the
____element________.
c. Examples: ___freezing, boiling, melting, density, color, reactivity
__solubility_(both_physical_and_chemical_properties)_____________
_________________________________
5. Physical Changes
a. A change that affects one or more ____physical________
____properties__________. It does __not change the identity of the
matter.
b. Examples:
Any change of state, melting butter, breaking a pencil in half
6. Chemical Change
a. Occurs when one or more substances __change_________ into new
substances with __different____ properties.
b. Examples:
Burning, reactivity (like vinegar and baking soda mixed)
c. A chemical change cannot be undone by physical means, but it can
sometimes be undone by another chemical reaction.
7. Chemical or physical?
a. Dissolving salt in water - physical
b. Tarnishing the statue of Liberty- chemical
c. Popsicles freezing - physical
d. Car rusting - chemical
e. Butter melting - physical
f. Wood burning - chemical
g. Breaking a pencil in half - physical
h. Vinegar and baking soda reacting - chemical
8. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
a. An element is a ___pure______ ___substance_____ that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
i. Examples: everything on the periodic table – oxygen, gold,
hydrogen, etc.
b. A compound is a___pure______ __substance_______ that is composed
of _two__ or more elements that are __chemically______ combined in a
specific ratio.
i. Examples:
H2O, CO2
c. A pure substance is a substance in which there is only _one___ type of
material.
i. Examples:
H2O(compound), Gold (element)
d. Mixtures are a combination of 2 or more substances that are _not__
chemically combined. They _can___ be separated by physical means.
i. Examples:
Chicken soup, pizza
9. Types of mixtures
a. Homogeneous mixtures—combinations of matter where the particles are
_too__ _small___ _to __be_ __seen and are spread out evenly
throughout the mixture.
b. Light can pass through a homogeneous mixture because the particles are
_too____ small______ to _scatter__ the light.
c. Examples:
Salt water, sugar water, Kool Aid, water and food coloring
10. Solutions are made up of 2 parts
a. Solute—the stuff that gets __dissolved_____________
i. Example
Salt, sugar
b. Solvent—the stuff that solute is _dissolved________ in.
i. Examples water
11.
Solubility—the ability to __dissolve____ a substance into a
____solution___.
a. Example:
Sugar and salt have solubility
b. All solutions have _solubility_____ and__concentrations
c. Concentration—the _actual_____ amount of solute __dissolved___ in the
solvent.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13.
a.
b.
14.
i. Measured in ____g/ml________
Types of solutions
Gas in gas __air____
Gas in liquid ___soda______
Liquid in liquid __hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Solid in liquid __kool-aid____
Solid in solid ___metal alloys
Heterogeneous mixtures
Mixtures that contain particles that are ___large___ enough to be
__seen__ and too heavy to remain suspended in the solvent.
Examples:
Salad dressings, sand and gravel mixed, snow globe, oil and water
Suspensions
a. A type of heterogeneous mixture in which the particles are so large that
they eventually settle out
(_____fall_to_the_bottom_______________________)
b. Examples:
Sand and water, muddy water, salad dressing