Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
Science 14
Unit A: Investigating Properties of Matter
REVIEW
TOPICS
Chapter 1
Classify various forms of matter, including commonly used household substances, on the basis of
their properties, and relate these properties to their safe use, storage and disposal
• describe the need for safety precautions that should be followed when handling, storing and
disposing of substances at home and in the laboratory; and explain the WHMIS and consumer
product symbols for labelling substances (e.g., flammable, corrosive, reactive, health hazard)
• describe the importance of mixtures and solutions in household products (e.g., baking soda,
soaps, paints)
• compare and contrast the properties of pure substances and mixtures (e.g., brass and zinc,
stainless steel and iron, acetic acid and vinegar, pure water and salt water), and relate this
information to practical applications (e.g., salting icy roads, adding antifreeze to car radiators)
• outline the steps in separating the components of mechanical mixtures and solutions on the basis
of their properties (e.g., filtration of mechanical mixtures, distillation of solutions such as crude
oil)
• differentiate between physical and chemical properties of matter
• apply the particle model of matter to explain the physical properties of the phases of matter
Chapter 2
Describe the properties of elements and compounds, and use the periodic table to identify trends in
Properties
• differentiate among metals, nonmetals and metalloids on the basis of properties (e.g., luster,
conductivity, malleability, brittleness, state of matter)
• use the periodic table to locate names and properties of elements
• name and write chemical formulas for common elements (e.g., aluminum, copper, iron,
nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen) and simple compounds (e.g., water, glucose, table salt, carbon
dioxide, iron oxide, vinegar, methane, propane), and describe the uses of elements and
compounds in society
• demonstrate the difference between elements and compounds on the basis of a decomposition
reaction (e.g., electrolysis of water)
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
Chapter 3
Describe solutions and solubility, solutes and solvents; and then describe how these concepts are
applied to the production of prepared foods and other useful materials
• provide examples of insoluble and soluble mixtures (e.g., oil and water, vinegar and water);
and, in general terms, account for the difference
• define, operationally, solute, solvent, solution and solubility; and express concentration in terms
of mass per volume
• provide examples of the effect of temperature change on solubility, and explain this effect on
the basis of the particle model of matter (e.g., concentration of brines for pickling and syrups for
canning)
• link concentration changes and the concept of dilution to changes in the ratio of the amount of
solute to the amount of solvent (e.g., investigate how concentrated products, such as orange
juice, evaporated milk or instant coffee are made)
Chapter 4
Describe solutions and solubility, solutes and solvents; and then describe how these concepts are
applied to the production of prepared foods and other useful materials
• compare the volume of waste packaging produced from consumer use of the concentrated and
diluted forms of products (e.g., orange juice, fabric softener), and relate this to the need for
recycling and environmental preservation
• identify acid and base solutions in the home, job site and laboratory (e.g., vinegar, soda pop,
shampoo, battery acid, household ammonia, antacids, dish soap, hydrochloric acid, sodium
hydroxide) on the basis of their general properties; i.e., they conduct electricity, change colour of
acid/base indicators and neutralize one another
• describe, in general terms, the pH scale as an indicator of acidity or basicity; i.e., a pH of less
than 7 indicates an acid, a pH of 7 indicates a neutral solution, and a pH of greater than 7
indicates a base
• describe and investigate the corrosive effects of the following environmental factors: acids,
bases, salts, humidity and temperature (e.g., corrosion of iron by acid rain and spray from ocean
water)
• list the potential dangers of mixing common household and industrial chemicals (e.g., mixing
ammonia cleaners with bleach, adding muriatic [hydrochloric] acid to caustic soda, adding
water to acid)
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
KEY TERMS
Chapter 1
WHMIS
MSDS
HHPS
Matter
Theory
Particle theory of matter
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Physical property
Chemical property
Pure substance
Mixture
Chapter 2
Element
Periodic table
Atom
Group
Period
Metal
Non-metal
Metalloids
Compound
Decomposition reaction
Element symbol
Chemical formula
Chapter 3
Mechanical mixture
Solution
Solute
Solvent
Concentration
Solubility
Soluble
Crystallization
distillation
Chapter 4
Concentrated
Dilute
Acid
Base
Neutral
Indicator
Litmus paper
pH
pH scale
neutralization
corrosive
corrosion
acid rain
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
A. Definitions – define ALL the terms on a sheet leaf from the above chart
B. Short Answer:
1. List 3 pieces of info found on a MSDS sheet.
2. Why might a useful chemical also be dangerous?
3. Give three examples of hazardous chemicals often found in the home.
4. What does the position of neon in the periodic table tell you about its properties? List three
properties.
5. Classify each of the following as either a metal or non-metal.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Greenish-yellow gas
Silver-coloured solid that conducts electricity
Grayish solid that is shiny when sanded
Very brittle brown crystal
Very shiny silver-coloured liquid that conducts electricity
6. What is the difference between an element and a compound?
7. How can a decomposition reaction help you determine whether a pure substance is an
element or a compound?
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
8. What would happen if you tried to decompose and element? Why?
9. What information about a substance does a chemical formula represent?
10. Write the chemical formula for a compound that is made up of one atom of nitrogen and two
atoms of oxygen.
11. Classify each of the following as a mechanical mixture or a solution.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Concrete
Shampoo
Air
Tap water
Cookie dough
12. Describe two tests you can use to determine if a mixture is a solution or a mechanical
mixture.
13. In each of the following solutions, identify the solute and solvent(s).
a)
b)
c)
d)
Salt water
Baking soda and water
Air (78% nitrogen, 22% oxygen and other gases)
Gold jewellery (90% gold, 10% silver)
14. Define a pure substance. Provide 2 examples.
15. Name 3 physical properties and 3 chemical properties
16. Describe the three states of matter and provide an example of each
17. Define heterogeneous mixture (mechanical mixture) and give 2 examples.
18. What does concentration tell you about a substance?
19. List some substances that are insoluble in water.
20. Describe how you could make a solute more soluble.
21. Define “solubility.”
22. Explain how crystallization could be used to separate drink crystals from juice.
23. List the steps in making water safe to drink.
24. Define “distillation.”
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
25. How could you make a solute dissolve more quickly?
26. Do most solutes dissolve better in warm water or in cold water? Explain why.
27. Describe how to make a dilute solution from a concentrated solution.
28. State two advantages of buying concentrated products rather than dilute products.
29. List three properties of acids.
30. An unknown solution was tested with litmus paper. The litmus paper turned blue. Is the
substance an acid or a base?
31. Classify the following solutions as acids, bases or neutral.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Household bleach, pH 12.4
Black coffee, pH 5.0
Sugar water, pH 7
Egg white, pH 7.8
32. List four factors that affect corrosion.
33. Explain the relationship between acids and corrosion.
34. Define “neutralization.”
35. Explain how rust is an example of corrosion.
C. Multiple Choice
Anything from the Chapter Tests!
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