Name: KEY
Date: __________ Quiz Date: _____________
Topic: Chemistry Part 5 - Acids/Bases;
Properties & Reactions
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
What are PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?
Properties that are characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured
WITHOUT destroying the material or changing it into something else.
Name some examples of PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
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State of matter
Taste
Color
Shape
Size
Odor
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Texture
Density
Volume
Luster
Boiling point
Conductivity
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Malleability
Ductility
Solubility
pH
magnetism
What are CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
A chemical property tells us whether a substance has the ability to change into a new
substance with different properties.
Name some examples of CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
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Flammability (how easily it catches on fire)
Reactivity (how easily it combines with something to make something new)
Combustibility (can something burn)
Acidity & basicity (if a substance is an acid or a base)
ACIDS AND BASES
ACIDS
BASES
definition
Compounds that increase the
Compounds that increase the number
number of hydrogen ions (H+) when of hydroxide ions (OH¯) when dissolved
dissolved in water.
in water
physical
properties
chemical
properties
examples
 Sour taste
 Bitter taste
 Slippery
Corrosive – destroy and damage
other things
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Vinegar
Orange Juice
Battery Acid
Lemon Juice
Stomach Acid (HCI)
Soda
Aspirin
Break down oils & greases
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Ammonia
Soap
Drain cleaner
Glass cleaners
Baking Soda
pH
0-6
8-14
litmus test
Blue litmus paper turns red
Red litmus paper turns blue
pH- A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. The pH scale is from 0-14.
What does pH stand for?
power of Hydrogen
What is neutral pH? 7
What is acidic pH? 0-6
What is basic pH? 8-14
base
Weakly acidic
Moderately basic
4
Weak acid
6
NEUTRALIZATION
What happens when you mix an acid and a base together?
When you combine an acid with a base, they
cancel each other out, or neutralize each other.
ACID + BASE  a salt + water
EXAMPLE:
HCI + NaOH
Hydrochloric
Acid
→ NaCl
+ H₂O
sodium
sodium
+ hydroxide → chloride + water
What is a salt? Salt is an Ionic compound that is formed when an acid and base neutralize each
other.
SOLUBILITY
What is a solvent? A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances. It does the
dissolving.
What is a solute? The substance that is being dissolved.
Why is water called The Universal Solvent?
Because it is a polar molecule (has + and – ends), it dissolves a variety of substances, more
than any other solvent.
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGE
What is a PHYSICAL CHANGE?
A change that affects one or more physical properties. Many physical changes are
easy to undo.
Name some examples of PHYSICAL CHANGES.
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Water melting (changing state)
Cutting a piece of paper (changing size)
Crushing an aluminum can (changing shape)
Dissolving certain substances into another substance (sugar or salt in water)
Breaking glass (changing shape)
What is a CHEMICAL CHANGE?
A change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new
substances with different properties. Chemical changes cannot be reversed using
physical means.
Name some examples of CHEMICAL CHANGES.
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Fizzing
Foaming
Production of heat or a precipitate
Light/sparks being produced
BIG color changes (like silver to red, in the case of iron rusting)
Combustion
Burning
Rusting
Tarnishing
decomposing
COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
MIXTURE
A pure substance made of
only one kind of atom
A substance made of two or
more different elements that
are chemically combined.
Two or more substances that
are mixed together but not
chemically combined.
DEFINITION
EXAMPLES
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Gold
Sliver
Carbon
Chlorine
Element
Mixture
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Baking soda NaHCO₃
Rubbing alcohol
(CH₃)₂CHOH
Bleach NaClO
Sugar C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Vinegar C₂H₄O₂
Compound
Element
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Trail Mix
Kool Aid
Lemonade
Reading Solubility Graphs