William Patterson and Josh Parker
Period 4
Chemistry H
Mid-year Review: Organic Chemistry
Key Terms:
Alkanes: single covalent bonds, contain maximum number of Hydrogen atoms
that can bond with Carbon atoms (saturated), CnH2n+2
Alkenes: unsaturated, contain at least one double or triple bond, CnH2n
Alkynes: unsaturated, one triple bond, CnH2n-2
Isomer: same formula with a different arrangement
Alkyl: a group that breaks off of the main chain
Alcohols: General formula- R-OH
Ether: R-O-R’
Aldehyde: Look for the CHO
Ketone: R-CO-R’
Carboxylic Acid: Look for the COOH
Ester: Look for the COO
Amine: R3N
Cycloalkanes: alkanes whose carbon atoms are joined in rings (CnH2n)
Concepts:
Naming Compounds
1. Look for the longest carbon chain
2. Match the number of carbons with a prefix, and name the ending by identifying
the types of bonds
3. Name the substituents by starting at the lowest carbon (remember there
cannot be one off of the first or last carbon)
4. Give the number for where the substituents break off of, and clarify where
there are double or triple bonds
5. Numbers are to be separated by commas, and use a dash to separate a
number and a word. Do not leave spaces!
Number of
Carbons
Prefix
1
Meth-
2
Eth-
3
Prop-
4
But-
5
Pent6
Hex-
7
Hept-
8
Oct-
9
Non-
10
Dec-
Functional Groups
Identify if the chain
has an alcohol, ether
aldehyde, ketone,
carboxylic acid,
ester, or an amine,
and proceed
according to the
directions.
Worksheet on Organic Chemistry
Basic Hydrocarbon Questions
1. What carbon chain is completely saturated by hydrogen atoms and only has single
bonds between the carbon atoms?
2. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
3. What hydrocarbon chain has one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms?
4. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
5. What hydrocarbon chain has one or more triple bonds between the carbon atoms?
6. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
Identifying the following compounds as alkane, alkene or alkyne
1. C124H246 :
2. C233H466 :
3. C4H10 :
4. C27H52 :
5. C37H76 :
6. C72H144 :
7. C17H34 :
8. C20H38 :
9. C15H32 :
10. C133H268 :
Identify molecular formula for following
1. Nonene :
2. Decyne :
3. Pentane :
4. Hexyne :
5. Ethene :
6. Butyne :
7. Heptene :
8. Octane :
9. Propene :
10. Heptane :
Draw and name isomers for Hexane
Name the functional group in the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Naming Alkanes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Answer Key to Worksheet
Basic Hydrocarbon Questions
1. What carbon chain is completely saturated by hydrogen atoms and only has single
bonds between the carbon atoms?
An Alkane
2. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
CnH2n+2
3. What hydrocarbon chain has one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms?
An Alkene
4. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
CnH2n
5. What hydrocarbon chain has one or more triple bonds between the carbon atoms?
An Alkyne
6. What is the formula for this hydrocarbon chain?
CnH2n-2
Identifying the following compounds as alkane, alkene or alkyne
1. C124H246 : alkyne
2. C233H466 : alkene
3. C4H10 : alkane
4. C27H52 : alkyne
5. C37H76 : alkane
6. C72H144 : alkene
7. C17H34 : alkene
8. C20H38 : alkyne
9. C15H32 : alkane
10. C133H268 : alkane
Identify molecular formula for following
1. Nonene : C9H18
2. Decyne : C10H18
3. Pentane : C5H12
4. Hexyne : C6H10
5. Ethene : C2H4
6. Butyne : C4H6
7. Heptene : C7H14
8. Octane : C8H18
9. Propene : C3H6
10. Heptane : C7H16
Draw and name isomers for Hexane
Name the functional group in the following
1.
aldehyde
2.
ether
3.
amine
4.
ester
5.
alcohol
6.
aldehyde
7.
ketone
8.
ester
9.
carboxylic acid
10.
ketone
Naming Alkanes
1.
2-methylpentane
2.
2,3-dimethylbutane
3.
pentane
4.
2,2-methylbutane
5.
2,2-methylpentane
6.
2,4-dimethylheptane
7.
2,2,3-trimethylbutane
8.
4,4-diethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane
9.
ethylpentane
10.
2,3,4-trimethylhexane