Name: _________KEY___________
Hour: ____ Date: ___________
Chemistry: Vocabulary – Organic Chemistry
Directions: Define each of the following terms. For some of the terms, you may need to consult sources other
than your textbook. NOTE: “DSO” following a number means “Draw the Structure Only.”
1. addition reaction
and
hydrogenation rxn
a multiple bond is broken and
two “things” are inserted into
the structure
an addition reaction in which
the inserted “things” are H
atoms
an addition reaction in
the multiple bonds of
monomers are broken; the
monomers are joined to
make polymer chains
2. alkanes
vs.
vs.
hydrocarbons having only
single bonds
hydrocarbons that have at
least one double C-C bond
alkenes
and
polymerization rxn
alkynes
hydrocarbons that have at
least one triple C-C bond in
their structure
3. aromatic hydrocarbons
these include benzene and compounds related to benzene; the key structure of aromatics is
six carbon atoms in a planar ring, which are bonded to each other by “more-than-a-single-butless-than-a-double” C-C bonds
4DSO. benzene
vs.
phenol
vs.
toluene
5DSO. carbonyl group
vs.
phenyl group
vs.
hydroxyl group
6. combustion reaction (of a hydrocarbon)
hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water
7. condensation/elimination/dehydration reaction
and
water is one of the products
esterification reaction
the condensation reaction between a
carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an
ester
8. cycloalkanes
vs.
cycloalkenes
alkanes in which the C atoms
form a ring
alkenes in which the C atoms
form a ring
vs.
cycloalkynes
alkynes in which the C
atoms form a ring
HC-XI-MMX
9. functional group
a characteristic pattern that makes up a portion of a larger molecule
10 . hydrocarbon
a compound containing only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms
11. organic chemistry
the study of carbon-containing compounds
12. primary alcohol
an alcohol having a single
hydroxyl group (–OH)
vs.
secondary alcohol
vs.
an alcohol having two hydroxyl
groups
13. saturated hydrocarbon
vs.
a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds;
alkanes are saturated
tertiary alcohol
an alcohol having three
hydroxyl groups
unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that has one or more
multiple bonds; alkenes, alkynes,
and aromatic compounds are
unsaturated
14. straight-chain compound
vs.
branched-chain compound
these have a single C backbone
a hydrocarbon in which a hydrocarbon substituent branches off
from the main line of C atoms
vs.
substituted comp.
a compound in which something other than H is in the
place of where the H would
normally be if the compound
were a hydrocarbon
15. substituent
“anything other than H” which takes the place of an H in a substituted compound
16. substitution reaction
an H atom is removed and “something
else” is put in its place
and
halogenation reaction
a substitution reaction in which the
“something else” is a halogen atom
HC-XI-MMX