Show the Arrangement of Particles in Solid,
Liquid and Gaseous Water
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Density of Water / Ice
Why does ice float on
water? Relate your
answer to the kinetic
molecular theory of
matter.
Observe
Water
Isopropyl
Alcohol
Oil
Add an ice cube with red food coloring to each container.
Explain your observations in terms of relative densities,
solubilities, and the kinetic molecular theory of matter.
Chapter 1 Terms
• Sort the terms provided into categories and
name each category.
• Construct a sentence for each category
showing the interrelationships between the
terms in the category.
• Revise your categories for homework as
you read chapter 1.
Making Peanut Brittle - Demonstration
• Place ½ c corn syrup, 1 c sugar,
and 1 c peanuts in a large
measuring cup
• Microwave for 4 minutes. Stir.
• Heat for another 4 minutes.
• Stir in 1T butter, 1 t vanilla, and 1
t baking soda
• Quickly spread on greased
aluminum foil Explain your observations using at
4/13/2015
least 10 terms presented in chapters 51.
Electric Current & Tin (II) Chloride
• Working with your lab partner, dissolve 1 plastic spoonful of
SnCl2 in 50 mL of water.
• Place the solution in a petri dish.
• Connect alligator clips to one post of a battery and to a wire
attached to the side of the petri dish. Connect another set of
clips to the other post of the battery and to a second wire in the
petri dish.
• Record your observations. Explain the chemistry involved.
Petri dish with
SnCl2
4/13/2015
battery
6
Decomposition of Tin Chloride
Electrolysis –
Signs of chemical change –
Physical properties –
Atoms, Compounds and Ions –
Determining the Area of an Irregularly Shaped
Piece of Cardboard
Using graphical analysis (with your graphing calculator), find the
area of the irregularly shaped piece of cardboard. What is another
variable that is directly proportional to area?
Percent Composition of Margarine
• Spend five minutes with your partner
developing a procedure and discussing the
data and calculations
Ion Naming
• Monoatomic Ions (periodic table)
• Transition Metals
Polyatomic Ions
• Naming Ions when number of oxygen
atoms changes:
Perchlorate
Chlorate
Chlorite
Hypochlorite
Naming Ions When Number of
Hydrogen Atoms Changes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Phosphate
Hydrogen phosphate
Dihydrogen phosphate
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
Sulfate
Bisulfate
Use your knowledge of the metric system and the
use of conversion factors to prove Peter’s math
correct or incorrect.
•0.5t(5mL/1t)(1 cc/1 mL) = 2.5 cc
•Volume – 2 x 3.5 x 3.625 = 25.375 in3
•Density - 1 lb / 25.375 in3 = 0.0394 lb / in3
•0.0394 lb / in3 (453.6g / 1 lb) (1 in3 / 16.387 cm3) =
1.0906 g / cm3
2.5 cc (1.0906g / cc) = 2.7265 g
While the math is correct, the sig figs ARE NOT!!
TEST TUBE WITH NAIL OBSERVATIONS:
EXPLANATIONS?????
CuSO4 and NaCl combine:
Activity Series: Fe, Cu
Iron ions react with oxygen and
water:
New Concepts:
Complex ion ~
Redox Reactions ~
Base Anhydride ~
Isotopes
Antimony has two stable isotopes, Sb-121 and Sb-123 with
masses of 120.9038 and 122.9043 amu respectively. Calculate
the percent abundance of each.
Calculation of Weighted Average
Atomic Mass Using Percent
Abundance of Isotopes of the
Element
Silver has an atomic mass of 107.9 amu. If
51.84% of Ag exists as Ag-107 (106.9051
amu), what is the identity and atomic mass
of the other isotope?
Molecules
Diatomic – H2, O2, N2, Cl2, Br2, I2, F2
Polyatomic molecules – S8, P4, O3
Allotropes
• O, P, S, C exist in different forms
• Carbon:
• O O2 and O3 (Electricity converts O2 to
O3. Ozone is a blue colored gas with a
pungent odor. Its name comes from ozein
which means “to smell”)
• S
What is the average mass of one
atom of titanium in grams?
What is the mass percent
of C in chloroform
(CHCl3)?
Calculating Empirical Formulas
In a chemical reaction, 1.000 g of sulfur combines with 3.963 g
of copper to give a pure compound. What is the empirical
formula of this compound?
Calculating Molecular Formulas
A compound was analyzed and found to contain 53.50%
carbon, 11.19% hydrogen, and 35.51% oxygen by mass. If the
molar mass of this compound is 90.12 g/mol, what is the
molecular formula of the compound?
Review: Isotopes
• Uranium has an atomic mass of
238.0289. It consists of two isotopes:
uranium-235 with a mass of 235.044
amu and uranium-238 with a mass of
238.051 amu. Calculate the %
abundance of the U-235 isotope.
Mass Percent
• Calculate the mass percent of sulfur is
barium sulfate
Mass / Moles / Particles
• Calculate the number of atoms in 12 grams
of iron.
Formulas
• Determine empirical and molecular
formulas for a compound that is 71.65% Cl,
24.27% C, and 4.07% H. The molar mass
of the compound is 98.96 g/ mol
Coulomb's Law
• The force of attraction between ions in an
ionic compounds is due to:
– The magnitude of charge on the ions
– The distance between the ions
Smaller ions and ions with greater charge have
greater forces of attraction
Naming Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes:
•1 carbon: CH4 –
•2 carbons: C2H6 –
•3 carbons: C3H8 –
•4 carbons: C4H10 –
•5 carbons: C5H12 –
Naming Hydrocarbons
Alkanes, continued:
•6 carbons: C6H14 –
•7 carbons: C7H16 –
•8 carbons: C8H18 –
•9 carbons: C9H20 –
•10 carbons: C10H22 –
Alkenes –
Alkynes –
Substituted Hydrocarbons
Halocarbon – chloroform
Carboxylic acid – acetic acid
Ester – methyl acetate
Aldehyde – formaldehyde
Ketones – acetone
Alcohols – ethyl alcohol
propyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol
Amines - methyl amine
Naming Molecules
CO
CO2
N 2O
N 2O 5
N 2O 3
Radioactivity
•
Alpha particles:
•
Beta Particles:
•
Gamma Rays:
U-235 loses 1 alpha particle. What element is formed? What is
its atomic mass and number?
Co-60 loses 1 beta particle. What element is formed? What is
its atomic mass and number?
Radioactive Decay Series
• U-238 undergoes a series of 14 reactions to
form lead-206. The first four reactions are
alpha, beta, beta, and alpha decay, in that
order. Write the equations for these first
four steps.
Stability of Atomic Nuclei
• Only 2 stable isotopes (H, He) have more p than n
• Up to Ca, stable isotopes may have equal numbers
of p and n or one or two more n than p
• Beyond Ca, stable isotopes must have a ratio of
n:p that is greater than one
• Beyond Bi, (83p, 126n) there are no stable
isotopes, heavier nuclei cannot be held together
• Elements with even atomic numbers have more
stable isotopes than those with odd atomic
numbers
What Holds a Nucleus Together?
• The mass of 1 p = 1.0073 amu and the mass of 1 n
= 1.0087 amu. Therefore an alpha particle (2p,
2n) has an expected mass of 4.0320 amu.
• The actual mass of an alpha particle = 4.0015
amu. The difference, 0.0305 amu, is called nuclear
mass defect.
• Mass defect can be converted into energy units
using E=mc2
• This amount of energy is released when the
nucleus is formed and is called nuclear binding
energy.
Peanut Brittle and Chapter 1:
Physical Properties:
State Changes:
Heat Energy:
Chemical Changes:
Mixture Types: