Aida Rogonich, Cristina Botello,
Jacqueline Enriquez, Sarah Wolberg, Takira

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Glycolysis is the breaking of a carbohydrate into two pyruvates
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Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
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No oxygen needed.

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2 PGAL’s (Phosphoglyceraldehyde - 3Carbon molecules) are formed from the breaking down of glucose (6C)
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Two ATP's are required

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2 pyruvates are created from 2 PGAL's (3C)
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Producing 4 ATP's and 2 NADH's
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Net production = 2ATP’s and 3 NADH’s

WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
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No oxygen is used
2 Acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to ethanol
Regenerating supply of
NAD+
Carbon dioxide may be realeased
Glycolysis continues
ND
IN THE CYTOSOL OF YEAST!

ND

When the first step occurs and 2 acetaldehyde is formed, 2 CO ₂ is released

Then acetaldehyde accepts hydrogen and electrons from the 2 NADH formed through
Glycolysis

With the combining of e-, H+, and 2 acetaldehyde, 2 NAD+ is regenerated and
2ethanol is created

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION: LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION:


Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pі 
2 ethanol + 2 CO ₂ + 2 ATP
+ 2 H ₂ O
OR
C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆  2 C ₂ H ₅ OH + 2
CO
2

Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
 2 lactate + ATP + 2
H ₂ O

SUMMARIZATION OF FERMENTATION
HTTP://TRC.UCDAVIS.EDU/BIOSCI10V/BIS10V/MEDIA/CH06/FERMENTATION.SWF

WHAT ORGANISMS
USE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION?


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Fermented vegetables
 Pickles!
 The sugars in the pickles are converted to lactic acid, preserving the pickle
Lactobacillus bulgaricus – a bacteria
 Yogurt
 Lactose is fermented by the bacteria to lactic acid, which both thickens the yogurt and restricts the growth of bacteria that poisons the food
Humans
 during anaerobic exercise
 lactic acid is fermented in muscles where oxygen is depleted
 makes muscles burn

 http://www.icr.org/article/172/
 http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/medi a/ch06/fermentation.swf
 http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255 atp/mcb8.5.fermentation.jpg