HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 STUDY GUIDE
Name__________________________________________________Per_____
Label the Mitochondrion. Refer to p. 63
Label:
outer membrane
Intermembrane space
cristae
matrix
1._____________________________________
2._____________________________________
3._____________________________________
4._____________________________________
Fill in the blanks. Refer to p. 90
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Organelle it takes place
Reactants
Products
Type of organisms that do this
Comparing Breathing and Cellular Respiration pp.90-1
Write a “B” if the statement refers to breathing and “CR” if it refers to cellular respiration.
_____take oxygen into your lungs
_____glucose is burned
_____bonds in ATP store energy from the breakdown of glucose
_____breathe out carbon dioxide
_____molecules of C6H12O6 are rearranged
FILL IN THE NUMBERS:
Cellular respiration can produce up to ________ATP molecules for each glucose molecule, a capture of
about ____________% of the energy in the glucose.
Why are brains called “glucose hogs?”
The average person burns _____________-kcal /day. How many calories (little “c”)?_______________
Honors Biology Chapt. 6 Study Guide p. 2
REDOX REACTIONS: LEO GOES GER
What are redox reactions? What does REDOX stand for?
What happens to the electrons in oxidation?______________
In reduction?______________
What ion accompanies the transferring e-?______________________
In the two boxes below write if the process is OXIDATION or is REDUCTION.
NADH AND ETC p. 92
What do we know about NADH?
a. what kind of molecule is it?__________________________
b. what vitamin is it made from in the cells?___________________
c. what is its job?____________________________
d. what is its oxidized form?________________
e. how many electrons can this electron carrier actually carry?______
f. what is a good name for an enzyme that removes hydrogen atoms from a molecule?_____________
What do we know about the ETC?
a. what does ETC stand for?_____________________ _____________________ ___________________
b. What would you call a molecule at the top of the staircase?__________________________________
c. what would you call a molecule at the bottom of the staircase?_______________________________
d. What types of reactions pass the electrons from carrier to carrier?______________________
e. What molecule picks up this energy that is given off ?_______________ (HINT: 3 letters)
OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION p. 93 Fill in the chart
GLYCOLYSIS
Occurs where in
cell?
Starting
molecule(s)
Ending
molecule(s)
Purpose:
PYRUVATE
OXIDATION
CITRIC ACID
CYCLE
OXIDATIVE
PHOSPHORYLATION
Honors Biology Chapt. 6 Study Guide p. 3
GLYCOLYSIS pp. 94-5 Fill in the missing information
Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?___________
Overall Reaction:
2 ADP
6-C molecule:
It took ______ATP to
start the reaction.
____ATP were
formed for a NET of
______ATP made.
4 ADP
2 3-Cmolecules:
2 3-C molecules of:
NOTE: This ATP is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation (no membrane needed).
There are actually 9 steps from the start to end, but we will not learn all of these. We will simply call
these compounds that form between the : _______________________.
ENERGY SUMMARY:
ENERGY INVESTMENT PHASE:
Is ATP needed or made here?__________
Where do the phosphates go?
ENERGY PAYOFF PHASE:
Is ATP needed or made here?__________
How many ATP are produced?_____net?____
How many NADH are produced?________
Is this considered a high or low yield of energy for a cell? Why?
OXIDATION OF PYRUVATE: “Cut and Groom” p. 96
1. What functional group is “cut” from pyruvate?____________
2. What gas is it released as?_______________
3. NAD+ is reduced to ________________.
4 The enzyme called ______________-is added (grooms) to the 2-C compound to form
________________________________.
5. What are these steps preparing the pyruvic acid to now be able to go?__________________________
Label:
Acetyl-CoA
pyruvic acid NADH
CO2
Coenzyme A
Honors Biology Chapter 6 Study Guide p. 4
CITRIC ACID CYCLE pp. 96-7
Page 97in the
You pick the colors
Lose H
Add H
What is the total number of NADH molecules generated during the complete breakdown of
glucose to six molecules of CO2? (HINT: glycolysis + pyruvate oxidation +citric acid cycle)_____
Honors Biology Chapter 6 Study Guide p. 5
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (USING ETC AND CHEMIOSMOSIS) p. 98
Label the following diagram: intermembrane space
ATP
H2O
matrix
P
NADH
O2
1. What are the two electron carriers?______________________ and ______________________
2. What is the final electron acceptor?_________________________
3. What product forms when the electrons and and H+ join this final electron acceptor?_________
4. As the e- are picked up by the ETC, where do the H+ go?_________________________________
5. The build-up of H+ ions makes a concentration gradient. The H+ ions then move through what
structure to cross the membrane?_________________________________________
6. This movement causes the ATP synthase to rotate which generates energy for the formation of
ADP + P = ____________.
Read p. 99 chemicals that disrupt Cellular Respiration
Rotenone
Oligomycin
Where it binds
Action is causes
Cyanide
Honors Biology Chapters 6 Study Guide p.6
TOTALS Read p. 100 Fill in the total ATP’s formed (net) from each process
Glycolysis
_______
Substrate level phosphorylation_______
Oxidative phosphorylation
_______
__________________________________
TOTAL
________
FERMENTATION Read pp. 100-101
1. Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?________
NOTE: Fermentation is necessary for it will regenerate NAD+. NAD+ is needed as an electron
acceptor, or the reactions of cellular respiration will not proceed.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
1. What organs in your body undergo lactic acid fermentation?________________________
2. Under what conditions would your muscles undergo lactic acid fermentation?_________
3. How does lactic acid feel in the muscles?_________________
4. What happens to this lactic acid?___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. What would the dairy industry use lactic acid for?_____________________________________
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
1. What organisms undergo alcoholic fermentation?___________________
2. What two products are made when these organisms break down pyruvate?_____________________
3. Why don’t the yeast die of alcohol poisoning?______________________________________________
4. Why do the yeast die in the wine vat?____________________________________________________
TYPES OF ANAEROBES
Contrast obligate anaerobes
and
facultative anaerobes
READ p. 102 EVOLUTION CONNECTION
Because glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic pathway found in Earth’s organisms today, what
does this suggest about how long ago this process evolved?
Section 6.15 Is glucose the only fuel consumed for cellular respiration?____________ How does the
yield of ATP from fats compare to that of carbohydrates?___________