Organic Chem~ Macromolecules

Biochemistry Macromolecules (large molecules): Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids These are Polymers (many parts) constructed of Monomers (single part) polymer polymer monomer How to Connect Monomers- Hydrolysis Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Connecting MonomersDehydration reaction Hydrolysis Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Connecting MonomersDehydration reaction joining monomers loss of water molecule Hydrolysis Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Connecting MonomersDehydration reaction joining monomers loss of water molecule Hydrolysis Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Connecting MonomersDehydration reaction this takes energy Hydrolysis Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Connecting MonomersDehydration reaction this means energy must be added in order for the reaction to occur Putting together HydrolysisBreaking apart polymers  Breaking apart polymer Hydrolysis(break w/ water) Adding water molecule Adding water molecule HydrolysisBreaking apart polymers  Breaking apart polymer Hydrolysis(break w/ water) Adding water molecule Adding water molecule HydrolysisBreaking apart polymers  Breaking apart polymer Hydrolysis(break w/ water) Adding water molecule Adding water molecule HydrolysisBreaking apart polymers  Breaking apart polymer Hydrolysis(break w/ water) Adding water molecule Adding water molecule Creating MonomersHydrolysis reaction this gives off energy when this happens breaking up explain to your partner what is Hydrolysishappening  Breaking apart polymer Adding water molecule Macromolecules (large molecules): Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydratesfunctions: Fuel - stores energy Building material - > in plants = cellulose (cell wall) in animals = chitin (insect/ lobster covering) Carbohydrates- types: 1)Monosaccharides Single Sugar Monosaccharides Structure: Single Sugar Function: Fuel for cell work ex. glucose - blood sugar fructose - fruit sugar lactose - ?? Monosaccharides structure: multiple of CH2O ex. glucose C6H12O6 Disaccharides Two sugar monomers joined by dehydration synthesis Disaccharides Two sugar monomers joined by dehydration synthesis JOIN / SPIT OH- Disaccharides Two sugar monomers joined by dehydration synthesis ex. sucrose - table sugar Polysaccharides Many monomers Polysaccharides Many monomers Functions: •1) Energy storage= •starch (plant) •glycogen (animal) Polysaccharides Many monomers Functions: •1) Energy storage= 2) Structural support = cellulose Polysaccharides 2) Structural support = cellulose Macromolecules (large molecules): Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids LipidsTypes: 1) Fat~ triglyceride 2) Phospholipid~ cell membranes 3) Steriod 4) Wax LipidsStructure = have a higher ratio of C & H than Oxygen Therefore, are they polar or nonpolar? They HATE water Lipids- (hydrophobic) 1) Fats (triglyceride) functions: -energy storage -cushion internal organs -insulation Types of Lipids: Fats- structure 1 Glycerol Fatty acid chain = hydrophobic •Energy storage •Cushion Types of Lipids: Fats- structure +3 fatty acid  Glycerol chains Fatty acid chain = hydrophobic •Energy storage •Cushion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu5j_Us8uI&safe=active 2)Phospholipids- structure 1 hydrophilic head 2 hydrophobic tails 2)Phospholipids- structure 1 hydrophilic head 2 hydrophobic tails 3) Steroids4 Fused (connected) “rings” cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen 4) WaxLong CH2 chain Macromolecules (large molecules): Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids ProteinsMonomer = amino acid Polymer of amino acids = polypeptides- Proteinsfunction depends on shape: 1) support 2) structure 3) enzymes Amino Acids = monomer 20 types Amino Acids H amino group C NH2 Carboxyl COOH R (VARIABLE) 20 types Amino Acids H amino group 20 varying molecules C R carboxyl 20 types Proteins- precise sequence of amino acids. amino -     - carboxyl group group Sequence of amino acids determines HOW the protein works Shape determine s how the protein works Macromolecules (large molecules): Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Nucleic AcidsDNA RNA Programs ALL organism function Nucleic AcidsComposed of: nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group = NUCLEOTIDE DNA RNA

Organic Chem~ Macromolecules

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