Welcome to
Mrs. Wilkinson’s
BIOLOGY 12
POWER POINT
REVIEW
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
• Name the molecule on the
top left.
• What type of bonding does
it have?
• Is it a polar or nonpolar
molecule? Why?
•
What type of reaction is
this?
• Name diagram A, B, C and D.
• Which diagram comprises carbohydrates?
• Which is the unit molecule for DNA?
• Diagram A is found in which organic group?
• Which molecule is found in fries?
• Which of the molecules is found in enzymes?
• Name the saturated fatty acid.
• In diagram A the NH2 is the __________group and
the COOH is the __________ group.
• Name A, B, C and D and name a place where they
can be found.
• Name this
molecule.
• What type of
bonding does it
have?
MOLECULAR BASIS OF
INHERITANCE
• What is the X?
• Name the letters
that represent the
bases and name the
bond between
them?
• What is the back
bone in this
molecule?
• What is the shape?
• Name the molecule.
What are the crosspieces?
DNA/RNA
• The building blocks or monomers of nucleic
acids are:
1) ________
2) ________: _______ or ______
3) ________: __, __, __, __ for DNA
__, __, __, __ for RNA
• What is complimentary base pairing? What
is the bond between the bases?
• Name W, X, and Y.
• What is Z? What is the purpose of Z?
• Name this molecule.
• To which organic group does it belong?
• This process is called _______ _________
because _______________.
• The enzyme that “unzips” the strand is ____.
This process shown is _________________
•
•
•
•
X is the __________.
Y is the __________.
Z is the __________.
Name the bases
found on strand X.
• Give two differences
between the double
strand and the
single strand X.
A.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
B.
Is there a difference between A and B?
Name the process shown?
What do the
represent ?
Using the base letters identify the mRNA in A.
Where does this take place?
What is X and give its function?
If DNA is TAC, what will mRNA and tRNA be?
Given GGG UCG AAC, What will be the resulting sequence of
amino acids?
How many RNA codons are required to produce a polypeptide
that has 60 amino acids?
Given DNA = TAC GAA AAU, a mutation has occurred such that
the leucine was deleted, what is the resulting dipeptide?
CELL ANATOMY
• Name structures:
U:
V:
W:
X:
Y:
Z:
Then give a function
• What is this
organelle? What is X?
• Where is X made?
• X in this diagram
produces _________
• Y produces________
• Identify the nucleus &
nucleolus. What is
their function?
• What is the nucleolus
made of?
• Name the cell that would most likely be found in the
testes.
• Name the cell that would most likely be found in
muscle tissue and heart tissue and why?
CELL MEMBRANE
• In the top diagram
what is X?
• Name the process
being shown in
both diagrams.
• In the bottom
diagram what could
X be? (think
Nervous System)
ISO-, HYPO, OR HYPER- TONIC?
• What happened in
Graph A? Graph B?
• What is happening at
4 minutes in graph B
• Why did the line
plateau at 3 minutes
in graph A?
• Why does salt kill
weeds?
• What kind of solution were these red blood
cells sitting in ?
• Explain what allowed for the shape change?
• Where have you
seen this graph
before?
• Explain what is
happening?
• Where is it isotonic
to cells?
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name structures:
U:
V:
W:
X:
Y:
Z:
• Name the structure
that produces
pepsin.
• Which structure
controls our blood
sugar level?
• Bile is made here.
• A lack of water in
our body could be
due to a
malfunctioning of
structure _____.
ENZYMES
• Denaturation is caused by _____ and ___.
Enzyme
pH
Pepsin
3
Salivary
Amylase
Substrate
product
protein
mouth
Peptidase
Lipase
Location
Amino Acids
8
• The purpose of bile is to increase the
________ area of _______ and thereby
____________ emulsification.
• What do the villi do? And where are they
located?
• The pancreas produces ____________
(breakdown), sodium ___________
(neutralization) and ___________ (sugar
uptake)
• Name the
structure that has
and acidic
environment.
• What is structure
W and give its
function?
• Name two
functions of
structure Z.
• The function of U
is?
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Which vessel
has valves?
• Which vessel
carries out
exchange?
• Name the
vessel that
leaves the left
ventricle.
• This diagram
is similar to
the previous
slide.
• Name:
• W:
• X:
• Y:
• Z:
• Where would
this be
found?
• Name this
organ.
• What is the
function of the
labelled
structures?
• Name the two
chambers on
either side of W
and Z.
Systole of the ventricles is occurring at
_____
Systole of the atria is occurring at _______
• Which
structure
would contain
oxygenated
blood?
• Which
structure
would contain
deoxygenated
blood?
What is the function of the oval opening,
arterial duct, venous duct and umbilical
arteries?
• Structure Z is
______
• Structure Y is
______
• Structure X is
______
• Structure W is
______
• Which structure is
part of the lymphatic
system
• Name the two cells shown.
• List two differences between the two cells.
• What is the function of each of the cells?
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Structure
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Name
Function
Inhalation/Exhalation
• Exhale: ___________ (dome) relaxes
_________________ relaxes
________ ________ decreases
• Inhale: ____________ contracts
____________contracts up and _____
_________ ___________ increases
• What is X and give its function?
• Identify W and Y.
• What kind of blood is found in W?
• What type of blood is found in Y?
• Gas exchange occurs by __________
RESPIRATION in the capillary
• External: Hb + O2
_______
______
Hb + CO2
HHb
Hb + ___
_____ + H+
H2CO3
___ + CO2
• Internal: HbO2
___ + O2
___ + ____
HbCO2
Hb + H+
_____
H2O + ___
______
H2O + CO2
• What most likely is Z?
• Identify X and Y and explain your reasoning
for your answer.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• This is a diagram of
a _______
• The 3 regions
labelled X, Y and Z
are _________.
• In which region
would the Loop of
Nephron be found?
•What is the function of Z?
•W is the ______ and it serves to
______________.
• This is a ________
• Where does
reabsorption take place?
Structure Name
W
X
Y
Z
Function
URINARY SYSTEM
Indicate where the
kidney, urethra,
ureter and bladder
are and briefly
give a function
• Z and Y are found in
which region of the
kidney?
• Why is region W
very salty and
concentrated?
• X and W are found
in which region of
the kidney?
HORMONES
•Label W, X, Y and Z
•Name a hormone that
is released from each
of these glands
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Label the following diagram using the words
listed below:
receptor, motor axon, ganglion, interneuron, sensory
neuron, sensory axon, sensory dendrite, motor
dendrite
This graph represents action and resting
potential.
• Briefly describe what is happening at the
labelled parts W, X, Y and Z.
• Guess what the above diagram is ?
• Label W, X, Y and Z and give a function
• When does the Na+/K+ pump work?
• What is the function of the myelin sheath?
• This whole
diagram
represents the
________ of the
nervous
system.
•What is X and give its function?
•What is Y and give its function?
•Why are mitochondria found here?
•By what means are the “dots” released?
• This diagram is the _______________
V
Name
Function
W
X
Y
Z
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Who is this little guy and what is his job?
• What is found in Y and why?
• What does W contain?
• The purpose of X is ________
• X and Y produce two
different substances.
What are they? What is
X and Y’s function?
• X and Y are found in the
_____
• The function of Z is to?
• What is T’s dual
function?
• X makes ____________
which is important
because __________
• What is U and its
function?
• V carries __________.
• The structure that is being released is the
__________
• Identify structure X and what is its function.
• The name of the process is ____________
• Is this a male or female? (you better get
this!)
• The four main parts of the system are listed.
Name them and give their function.
• Where does fertilization occur?