BIOCHEMISTRY
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Carbon Bonding
 Organic Compounds: made primarily of
carbon atoms
 Carbon is the molecule of life
Carbon Bonding (cont)
 A carbon atoms has 4 e- in the outer most
level
 So it can form four covalent bonds with other
atoms
 Carbon Video
Carbon Bonding (cont)
 Carbon-based molecules have three general types
of structures
a. Straight chain
b. Branched chain
c. Ring
Large Carbon Molecules
 Monomers: smaller, simpler molecules
 Polymers: molecule made up of
repeating monomers
 Macromolecule: Large polymers
 4 main ones found in living organisms
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1. NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Function: Store and transfer
genetic information.
 Made up of C, H, O, P, N
 Monomer = nucleotide
 Nucleotides: 3 basic parts
 Phosphate group
 a sugar
 nitrogen containing base
 There are four nucleotides A, C, G, T in
DNA
1. NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Examples: DNA and RNA
2. PROTEINS
 Monomer= Amino acids
 Made from C, H, O, and N
 Same basic structure but
differ at functional (R)
group
 20 amino acids
KNOW THE BASIC PART OF AN AMINO ACID!
2. PROTEINS
 Peptide bond: holds amino acids together
 Polypeptide: formed from long chains of amino
acids
2. Proteins (cont)
 Function
 Used to Make: Hair, horns, skin,
muscle and enzymes
2. Proteins (cont)
 Examples: Found in chicken, meat, tuna, and
milk
1. Summary and 5 Things
2. Biochem Vocab #2
3. WS #1 (use pages 31-37 in textbook)