BIOL 256 SI, Molly
2/4/16
EXAM 1 REVIEW KEY
1.) Fill in the missing boxes and give a description of each (can be what it does, tests to measure it,
or what could happen if it is outside of normal range)
Molecule
Normal Range
Description
Arterial pH
Bicarbonate
135-145 mEq/L
Calcium
17.2-22.0 mL/100mL
12-35 mg/100mL
Amino Acids
6.5-8 g/100mL
Total Lipids
Glucose
2.) What are the purposes of positive and negative feedback mechanisms? Give one example of
each.
3.) Describe the 8 necessary life functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
4.) Describe the 5 essential survival needs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.) Match each of the following definitions to one of the pictures below. There are no repeats.
Blood plasma and interstitial fluid _____
Fluid between the cells in your tissues, but not in blood _____
Fluid in the cells, but not around the cells _____
All fluid in and between cells and tissues _____
Fluid in blood, but not in blood cells _____
6.) Which of the following is not an inorganic molecule?
a. Water
b. Lipids
c. Salts
d. Acids
e. O2
7.) Bases release ___________ in water; acids release _________ in water.
8.) Match the following:
Acidic
pH = 7
Basic (alkaline)
pH < 7
Neutral
pH > 7
9.) What does a buffer do?
10.) A molecule that is a mirror image of another, having a key functional group oriented in a
different direction, is called a _________________________ of the other.
11.) What forms do humans and plants store glucose as?
12.) Sketch the structure of the following types of lipids:
a. Phospholipid
b. Steroid
c. Triglyceride
d. Fatty Acid (saturated and unsaturated)
13.) How many double bonds to mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids have?
a. Monounsaturated:
b. Polyunsaturated:
14.) Define each of the structural levels of proteins.
15.) When DNA polymerase creates a copy of the DNA, it makes RNA. This process is called
___________________________. After that, the strand of RNA creates a protein strand. This
process is called __________________________.
16.) Name the five nitrogenous bases and correctly pair them.
17.) Name the three types of RNA and describe their main functions.
18.) Using the Genetic Code Table below, change this strand of DNA into a protein.
3’ GGC TAC TTG GAC CCA AAG TAG TCA ACT TGA CAA CCC 5’
19.) Transcribe the following DNA antisense sequence:
3’ ATG GGA CAG GGG AAC CAT TTA 5’
20.) What is splicing, what sections are kept, and what sections are discarded?
21.) What is a polyribosome?
22.) By coupling a reaction, an ___________________ reaction allows an _____________________
reaction to become spontaneous.
23.) How can multiple diseases appear from the same metabolic pathway?
24.) Molecules that have lost electrons have been ___________________. Molecules that have
gained electrons have been ______________________.
25.) Create an arrow diagram that shows the transformation of glucose to ATP. Place the products
before and after the arrows, and the reaction name above the arrow. Include the amounts of
ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 made. *Note: pay attention to how many are made PER CYCLE
26.) Where do each of the following reactions take place?
a. Glycolysis:
b. Transition reaction:
c. Kreb’s Cycle:
d. Electron transport chain:
e. Cori Cycle:
27.) What type of energy storage provides the greatest amount of energy?
a. Glucose
b. Fat
c. Ketones
d. Lactic Acid
28.) The brain uses _______________________ for energy, while the skeletal muscles prefer
___________________________. The liver and heart are capable of using __________________
as energy, unlike the brain and skeletal muscles.
29.) Describe each of the following:
a. Facilitated diffusion:
b. Simple diffusion:
c. Active transport:
30.) The movement of water across the membrane is titled ______________________.
31.) What will happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution? Hypertonic solution?