GENERAL
With climate conditions, diverse natural , Vietnamese
vegetation is quite rich in variety and a relatively large goods
production zone has been formed such as lychee (Hai
Duong, Bac Giang), longan (Hung Yen ), citrus (Ha Giang,
Tuyen Quang, Hung Yen), pineapple (Ninh Binh, Tien Giang,
Hau Giang), dragon fruits (Binh Thuan, Tien Giang), grapes
(Ninh Thuan), mango (Tien Giang, Dong Thap ), rambutan
(Dong Nai, Vinh Long), grapefruit (Ben Tre, Tien Giang, Vinh
Long),etc.
However, due to the characteristics of small production, the
harvest and shortage in haverst and storage time , an
inadequacy in collection, preservation, processing,
consumption of fruits and vegetablesin Vietnam, the
development is not propotional to its potential.Overall, fruit
and vegetable products have not really brought the high
goods characteristics, low added value. This is reflected in
the stages from harvesting to processing, fruit and vegetable
consumpting in the value chain of the following products:
Collection, preservation, packaging, transportation
- The collection is mostly made by hand, harvesting
time has not been focused, mixing with two fruit types
(unripen, ripen) and most of them are not sorted,
cleaned; a large amount of fruits is bruised, and easily
spoiled during the storage
- Package for packing is not only insufficent but also
inappropriate, mainly is used from sacks, bamboo
baskets, even vegetables piled on the means of
transport. Consequently the post-harvest losses of
fruits and vegetables including quantity and quality are
at a extremly high rate (25%).
- Some facilities on growing and exporting somes of
fruits such as dragon fruit, rambutan have practiced the
appropriate
classification,
packaging,
applied
irradiation technology or pasteurization of hot water
(depending on market requirements) initially bring high
economic efficiency. However, the number of facilities
like that is very limited.
Collection, preservation, packaging, transportation
The use of advanced storage technologies (storage
in cool, stored by modified atmosphere, controlled
atmosphere, etc) has just been in level of
model. In some wholesale- markets of fruit and
vegetable in major cities such as Ho Chi Minh,
Hanoi cool stores have been invested , but only
with the imported fruits with high value.
2. Processing
- The percentage of processed vegetables is only at
10% of total production. The types of processed
vegetables are canned foods such as vegetables
mixed vinegar, sweet fruits, natural fruit juices,
concentrated juice, puree, fried dry, frozen fruits
Collection, preservation, packaging, transportation
- The entire country has about 60 fruit and vegetable processing facilities by
industrial scale with a total capacity of over 300,000 Total products/
year. The investment factories in the period from 1999 to the present have
all reached the advanced level of technology and equipment provided from
the developed industry countries of a new generation. Products such as
concentrated pineapple, canned, frozen IQF, vacuum drying fried foods, etc
are of high quality and meet customers requirements. However, the average
factories only reach at 30% of design capacity (only some factories with the
ready ingredients such as Dong Giao export foodstuff JSC, Bac Giang export
foodstuff JSC, etc promoted of 50-70% capacity). Many factories have
stopped producing due to lack of materials. Processed products are not
diversified, less competitive in price stated in their packages, materials,
transport freight, administrative procedures, qualification of production
management and ability to offer products in large quantities.
Collection, preservation, packaging, transportation
Besides, there are also tens of thousands of processing
facilities with small scale such as dried litchee in Luc
Ngan (Bac Giang) with over 1,500 households; dried
longan in Hung Yen: over 100 households; preversed
cucumber in salt in Nam Dinh : 200 households, Vinh
Phuc:
250
households,
Thai
Binh:
270
households. These facilities exist many risks of product
safety and hygiene which should be controlled
3. Consumption
Vietnamese vegetation is mainly for domestic
consumption in fresh form. In general, as people's living
standards is increasing more and more highly, their
demand
for
vegetation
is
also
growing
consequently. However, it still faces many challenges:
Fruit and vegetable export turnover in the period of 2000-2010
Unit: million U.S dollars
Year 2000
Year 2005
Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010
213,6
235,5
260
305,6
406
439
451
- Because the economic and technical infrastructures have not developed
yet(including roads, product distribution system), the transportation and
consumption face many difficulties, especially with a condition that Vietnam
is a nation located along latitude and vegetion products contains the
characteristics of regions distinctively.
- The control of quality, especially food hygience and safety, requires a
change in the organization of production and perception of the producers.
For Export: Export turnover of vegetables increases continously, but not be
propotional.
The vegetation export market has been expanding, the Vietnamese fruit and
vegetable products have their apperance in over 50 countries and
territories, the main export markets are China, Russia, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
South Korea National, etc. A number of
Fruit and vegetable export turnover in the period of 2000-2010
Marketssuch as Europe, America, Japan, Middle East, are in
large demand but The Vietnam-exported fruit and vegetables
are in limitation , because their quality hasnot overcomed
technical barriers yet.
-Types of fresh vegetables are exported mainly:
+ Fresh vegetables: cabbage, cauliflower, cucumbers,
potatoes, taro, onion, garlic, vegetable beans ,etc
+ Fresh fruits: dragon fruit, watermelon, litchi, longan, mango,
mangosteen, rambutan, banana, grapefruit, etc
- Processed fruits and vegetables:
+ Canned vegetables: tomatoes, cucumbers, baby corn,
bamboo shoots, etc.
+ Dried Fruits: litchi, longan, jackfruit, banana
+ Syrup Fruit: pineapple, litchi, longan, mango
+ Concentrated Juice: pineapple, passion- fruit,
+ Frozen Products: pineapple, litchi, rambutan, sweet corn,
carrots, onions, etc.
Fruit and vegetable export turnover in the period of 2000-2010
- Quality of export Vietnamese fruits and vegetables lacks the stability, some
batches of goods have been complained by as the importers as issues of
abundanceof presticide in fresh dragon fruit exported to Denmark in 2006, to
British in 2007, peas in 2003 (abundances of Chlorothalonil, Carbendazim and
Dithiocarbamates) and dragon fruit in 2008 (abundance of prochloraz) to
Taiwan, nitrate content for processed pineapple products, content of heavy
metal for canned litchi, Lactic Acid content of condensed pineapple, Puree
litchi, (2008), etc or strange objects in the frozen vegetable exported to Japan
(buttons, hair,etc) in 2007. Japan, Korea, Taiwan, USA, etc did not allow
Vietnam importing the fresh fruits and vegetables from Vietnam due to
problems of " fly pierces fruits ".Many years ago, Japan used to import the
large numbers of frozen fruit Cherry (growing mainly in Go Cong - Tien Giang),
but now it stops the import because "fruits are pierced by fly".
II. Development Orientation
1- Forecasts of market trend
Every year, nearly 600 million tons of vegetabkes and 500 million tons of fruits
are required in the world . The Vietnamese Fruit and vegetable export market
at that time and in the future is advantageous of both official export quota
(large size) and unofficial export (small size). Up to now, the Vietnamese
vegetables and fruis have been in over 50 countries around the world with the
traditional Asian markets such as China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, etc;
the Eastern Europe markets have been recovered. The strict markets with high
quality requirements such as the U.S, the EU are gradually satisfied by
Vietnamese manufacturers and manycontracts for importing Vietnamese
fruits and vegetables are obtained .
II. Development Orientation
2. SWOT analysis for vegestation processing industry of Vietnam
- The Vietnamese vegetation industry in recent years has obtained certain
achievements, annual export turnover has increased, however, the development
of fruit and vegetable processing industry is not sustainable, particularly in the
context of the regional and international economic integration. For development
orientations and solutions, we consider the SWOT analysis (strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and challenges) of experts for Vietnames fruit and
vegetable industry.
II. Development Orientation
Strengths:
- Vietnam with favorable conditions of soil and climate (the
tropical climate in the southand the subtropical one in the
north) with a variety of specific vegetatation, has much more
advantages compared to other countries in the region and
the world;
- Many processed vegetation products are produced under the
line of modern technology, gradually increasingquality and
types, models of products;
- Growing speed of this sector is very fast, especially in the key
areas: the Red River Delta, South-eastern region, Mekong River
Delta, etc.
II. Development Orientation
Weaknesses:
- Planting, harvesting, storage and processing technologies of fruits and
vegetables are out-of-date . Consequences are of low fruits and vegetables
quality, non-beautiful models, non-uniform specifications, abundant quantity, but
low proportion of goods;
- Large losses in post-harvest and preservationlead to high price of processing
fruits and vegetables;
- Organization of links in the vegetation production and trade does not neither
ensure to make a collected strength nor ensure the production relationship
between the sectors and the stages of fruit and vegetable processing
development;
- Food hygiene and safety standards for fruit and vegetable products including the
fresh products and processed products is more and more high, strict and complex,
especially in overseas markets.
- Lack of the development strategy of key export goods, and spreading categories
of goods . No comprehensive investment is made for the development of
production and export of processed fruits and vegetables. Trade promotion,
branding development, product improvement are proceeded slowly.
II. Development Orientation
3. Solutions for development of fruit and vegetable processing
industry
Continue to implement development programs of vegetables and fruits and
ornamental flowers under Decision No. 52/2007/QD-BNN dated 05/6/2007 of
the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development approved for development
planning of vegetables and fruits and ornamental flowers to 2010, vision
2020 with the goal is to reach an vegetables, flowers, fruits export turnover
of1.2 billion USD, then the following measures shall be taken:
II. Development Orientation
3.1. Investment in developing vetegation materials zone
Raw materials for processing factories shall meet the stable requirements of
quality and quantity, crop spreading, and safety. To achieve the target of
processed fruit and vegetable value and products in agriculture, it is necessary to
carry out the following contrents:
- Research to select vegetation seedswith high yield and good
quality. Construction of the centralized fruit and vegetable areas, supplying raw
materials to the processing factories at over 80% capacity. For fruit trees develop
areas primarily in the South-eastern provinces , Mekong River Delta and Red
River Delta; and for vegetables mostly in the Red River delta, the Mekong River
Delta, South-Eastern region and Lam Dong.
- Triển khai rộng rãi quy trình sản xuất rau quả theo hướng thực hành
nông nghiệp tốt (GAP) nhằm đảm bảo tiêu chuẩn chất lượng và vệ sinh an toàn
thực phẩm;
- Develope widely process of vegetable production in the direction of good
agricultural practices (GAP) to ensure quality standards and food safety and
hygene;
II. Development Orientation
3.2. Processing and preservation
- Maintain of industrial processing capacity at 300 thousand
tons/year as at present, concentrate on building the material
areas to actively provide the processing factories; limit investment
to more large factories, only focusing on intensive investment
and product diversification ; strive in 2020 to reach the goal of 70-80%
of design capacity for the line processing industry
- Encourage the construction investment of fruit and vegetable processing
facilities with small and medium scale in rural areas in accordance with
the materials area and equipments mainly fabricated by engineering in
the country but apply advanced technology, ensure technical standard
and food safety and hygene;
- Invest in the lines of classification, processing, packaging and storage in
the fruit and vegetable wholesale markets to cater for the goods
circulation between regions and for export.
II. Development Orientation
3.3. Science and technology:
- Strengthen research and transfer of science - technology in socialization trend
to improve the quality and production efficiency of the processing industry.
- Concentrate on investment and research to fabricate equipments for
processing lines with small and medium scale, meet the requirements of modern
technology, advanced and suitable equipments, low investment rate.
- Apply advanced and modern preservation technology as per cool preservation,
preservation in modified atmosphere environment, radiation,etc to create a
breakthrough in preservation to reduce post-harvest losses, preservation period
extension, long distance transportation (in the nation and for export, as well)
and ensure food hygience and safety for consumers;
- Develop standards and technical regulations on fruit and vegetable products,
strictly control of pesticide residues , heavy metals and food safety; widely apply
quality management systems such as ISO, HACCP, GMP, etc, ...
II. Development Orientation
3.4. Market
- Complete service systems of vegetation trade, develop into a synchronic network
with functions of purchasing, packaging, preservation and distribution to the
markets (wholesale and retail).
- Develop product quality control centers in order to control quality of import and
export fruit and vegetable under the conventional Law on standards and technical
regulations, in accordance with the commitments of international economic
integration.
- Export markets: well-organize purchasing and distribution stages, hold trade
promotion, open representative offices in the key markets around the
world. Develop the trading floors, the consignment center of each export sector,
access to modern trading transactions of the world.
- Strengthen and expand the information systems of the sector, including
information on production, the domestic market and oversea market in order to
help businesses and farmers producing and trading following the market direction
and consumming products more and more effectively.