The Hope for Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS)
Meri Riski,
Christoph Töpfer
Energy and Sustainable Development
Prof. Dr. Schleicher
Technique of CCS - Capture
Technique of CCS - Transport
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Pipeline
 compressed
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Ship
 liquified
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Importance between location of sources and
storage site
Experience with gas transport
No network in Europe so far
Technique of CCS - Storage
Source: Dürr (2009: 5)
Source: IPCC (2005: 7, 199)
Economics of CCS
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Costs are usually expressed in costs of energy
production ($/MWh) or costs of avoided CO2 ($/t)
CCS costs occur in capture, transport, storage
Costs depend on technology, fuel price trends,
emission caps (ETS), investment and the assumption
that CCS is applied commercially
Abatement costs need to be compared to
renewables
If CCS is not commercial in 2020 renewables might
provide better economic potential
Capture
PC=pulverized coal
IGCC=integrated gasification combined cycle
NGCC=natural gas combined cycle
LCOE=levelised costs of electricity
Source: IEA (2011: 38)
Comparison of CCS with renewables
Component
Min. €/tCO2
Max. €/tCO2
Renewables
€/tCO2
Capture coal
11
55
Biomass
22-39
Capture gas
3.70
41
Wind
30-34
Transport
0.70
8
Geothermics
122
Geological
Storage
0.30
9
Monitoring
0.10
0.30
Sum coal
12.10
72.30
Sum gas
4.80
58.30
Source: Dürr (2009: 7)
Long term cost are seen to shrink to 30-48 €/t
Electricity generation costs for CCS are
estimated to 7-11ct/kWh in 2020 and
12 ct/kWh for the mix of renewables
(without PV 10ct/kWh)
(WIC, 2010: 236)
Regulations and policies
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timing
Where does the authority lie for different aspects of CCS?
development towards more comprehensive CCS regulatory
framework around the world (Australia, EU, UK, USA,Korea &
South Africa..)
geological stability, potential hazards and sub-surface
property rights , criteria for site selection and use of a power
plant can be defined
European Union, the CCS Directive
(2009)
CCS process is achievable and available in larger scale
from 2020.
 The directive defines guidelines for the geological storage
 safety and environmental requirements for storage
 guidelines for proper monitoring of the installations
and closed sites
 the directive requires storage permits and exploration
permits under nation states sovereignty
 operator has to report the results of the monitoring to the
competent authority at least once a year
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References
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Dürr, Dietmar. 2009. “Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): Chancen und Risiken der
Kohlendioxidabscheidung und –speicherung“. <http://www.energie-fakten.de/pdf/ccs-inagendo-v10.pdf>
(29.03.2011).
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International Energy Agency (IEA). 2008. “CO2 Capture and Storage”. OECD/IEA, Paris.
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International Energy Agency (IEA). 2010a. “Energy Technology Perspectives”. OECD/IEA, Paris.
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International Energy Agency (IEA). 2010b. “Carbon Capture and Storage: Legal and Regulatory Review”.
<http://www.iea.org/ccs/legal/regulatory_review_edition1.pdf> (28.03.2011).
International Energy Agency (IEA). 2011. “Cost and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power
Generation. < http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/costperf_ccs_powergen.pdf> (01.05.2011).
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2005. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture
and Storage. New York et. al.: Camebridge University Press.
Wuppertal Institut for Climate, Environment and Energy (WIC). 2010. “Comparison of Renewable Energy
Technologies with Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)”.
<http://www.wupperinst.org/uploads/tx_wiprojekt/RECCSplus_final_report.pdf> (27.03.2011).