Mediastinum:
It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures
It is subdivided into:
-Superior mediastinum
-Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior
Superior mediastinum:
Esophagus
Trachea
Arch of Aorta
Big branches of Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic ( innominate) veins
Upper half os superior vena cava
Phrenic nerves
Vagi nerves
Middle mediastinum:
Pericardium
Heart
Pulmonary trunk
Ascending Aorta
Lower half of SVC
Upper part of IVC
Bifurcation of trachea
Posterior mediastinum:
Esophagus
Descending thoracic Aorta
Azygos and hemiazygos veins
vagi
Sternal angle
angle
Lower border
of T4
Esophagus:
-Length
-begins
-Ends
-Site and relations
- Blood supply
Esophagus
Trachea
Rt Vagus
Trachea:
-Length
-begins
-Ends
-Site of trachea and bifurcation)
-Relation
-Main bronchi
. length
. width
. orientation
. divisions
Lt Vagus
Lt common carotid artery
Brachicephalic artery
Aorta:
1- Ascending Aorta:
Origin, end, branches
2- Arch of aorta:
Origin, end, branches
3- descending thoracic Aorta:
Origin, end, branches
Paired
Post intercostals
Subcostal
Phrenic
Broncheal
Single
pericardial
mediastinal
esophageal
Lt subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic veins:
Azygos and hemiazygos veins:
Comparison between right and left veins:
-Begin by union of…..
-length
-end at …. by forming…..
-Tributaries: one of them is internal thoracic vein
-Begin at the abdomen.
-end at……
-Tributaries:
1- Posterior intercostal
2- Bronchial
3- Pericardial
4- Esophageal
Superior vena cava :
5- Mediastinal
-Begin by union of….. At level of….right 1st costal cartilage
Lt Internal jugular
-length
Lt Internal jugular
-end at right 3rd costal cartilage by joining the heart
-Tributaries: vena azygos at right 2nd costal cartilage
Lt
Lt subclavian
subclavian
Lt subclavian
Phrenic nerve
Rt Brachiocephalic.
SVC
Vena azygos
Lt Brachiocephalic
Inferior vena cava:
-Origin
- End
Pulmonary Trunk:
-Origin
-Divisions
-Relations
Mediastinum:
It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures
It is subdivided into:
-Superior mediastinum
-Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior
Superior mediastinum:
Esophagus
Trachea
Arch of Aorta
Big branches of Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic veins
Upper half of superior vena cava
Phrenic nerves
Vagi nerves
Middle mediastinum:
Pericardium
Heart
Pulmonary trunk
Ascending Aorta
Lower half of SVC
Upper part of IVC
Bifurcation of trachea
Posterior mediastinum:
Esophagus
Descending thoracic Aorta
Azygos and hemiazygos veins
vagi
Sternal angle
Lower border
of T4
Esophagus
Descending
Thoracic
Aorta