Overview of Respiratory
System
Dr. Ashraf Hussain
Functions
• Breathing
• Protection of vital organs
• Conduit: esophagus, vagus nerves,
thoracic duct, phrenic nerve trachea,
thoracic aorta, superior vena cava
Primary modes of confirming death
• Respiration
• Heart sound
• Pulse
“…I know when one is dead,
and when one lives. She is
dead as earth. Lend me a
looking glass. If that her
breath will mist or stain the
stone, why then she lives”
King Lear; Act V, Scene III
William Shakespeare
Learning Objectives
• Demonstrate an understanding of the terminology used
to describe the structure and function of the respiratory
system and respiratory apparatus.
• Describe the gross organization and orientation of the
trachea, bronchi and lungs within the chest and their
inter-relationships with the pleural cavities, with the heart
& pulmonary vessels, and with the other major structures
within the mediastinum.
• Identify and describe the gross features of the chest wall
trachea, bronchi, lungs, pleura and pleural cavities.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanics of
respiration.
Overview of respiratory tract
Upper Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Lower Respiratory System
Larynx
Skeleton of Larynx
Laryngoscopy
Trachea
Trachea
Tracheostomy
Tracheostomy
The trachea and main bronchi
viewed from the front
Bronchi
Bronchioles and Alveolus
The Lungs
Roots of the Lung
The Pleura & Pleural Cavities
Lines of pleural reflection
parietal pleura
Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)
• The thoracic cage is composed of the
thoracic vertebrae dorsally, the ribs
laterally, and the sternum and costal
cartilages anteriorly
Ouch. Rib fractures take about six weeks to heal, and
there's not much you can do about them.
Intercostal spaces
Cervical
rib
Pneumothorax
pneumothorax
The subdivisions
of the mediastinum
The diaphragm
Movements of The respiration
Normal and paradoxical
movements of diaphragm
Increase in lateral dimension
by false ribs
Increase in superoinferior
dimension
by diaphragm
Thank you