Take out your study guides
and review them.
Revolutions
Standard 10.2.5
European Nationalism from
Napoleon until the
Revolutions of 1848
Standard Objective – Discuss how
nationalism spread across Europe with
Napoleon but was repressed for a
generation under the Congress of
Vienna and Concert of Europe until the
Revolutions of 1848.
Vocabulary
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Congress: an assembly/conference
Concert: mutual agreement
Napoleon
• After Napoleon
Bonaparte seized
control of France in
1799, he went on
to expand his
power across the
continent.
Nationalism
Napoleon
• By 1815 however,
Napoleon’s empire
would be in ruins.
• The survival of Great
Britain & nationalism
are the main reasons for
the quick collapse of
Napoleon’s empire.
Nationalism
You Must Remember This!
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Question – What were the two main
reasons why Napoleon was defeated?
Answer – The two main reasons
Napoleon was defeated were the
survival of Great Britain & the force
of Nationalism.
Napoleon
• Also, many of the
lands Napoleon
conquered rumbled
with nationalism –
loyalty to their own
nations & people
above all.
Nationalism
Napoleon
• The French spread &
aroused nationalism
in two ways:
• French were hated
as oppressors;
• French nationalismFrench were proud of
their success!
You Must Remember This!
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Question – How did the French help
spread nationalism?
Answer – The French would help
spread nationalism because they
were hated as oppressors and they
showed what a nation in arms could
do.
Congress of Vienna 1814-1815
• What & Why: A series
of international meetings
to secure peace across
Europe after Napoleon’s
defeat
Nationalism
You Must Remember This!
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Question –What was the main goal of
the Congress of Vienna?
Answer – The main goal of the
Congress of Vienna was to secure
peace across Europe.
Congress of Vienna
• Who:
• King Frederick William
of Prussia
• Czar Alexander I of
Russia
• Emperor Francis I of
Austria
• foreign ministers of
Britain and France.
Nationalism
Congress of Vienna
• Countries around France
were made stronger to
weaken France and
provide a balance of
power across Europe.
• A balance of military &
political power could keep
one country from
dominating Europe.
Nationalism
Congress of Vienna
• Monarchies that had
been dethroned under
Napoleon were restored
and their legitimacy –
hereditary right to rule –
was proclaimed in
France & elsewhere.
• Metternich believed this
would help bring peace &
stability back to Europe.
Nationalism
You Must Remember This!
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Question – What were the three major
accomplishments/goals of Metternich at
the Congress of Vienna?
Answer – The three major
accomplishments of Metternich at the
Congress of Vienna were France was
weakened, a balance of power was
created, and monarchs were restored to
power.
Concert of Europe, 1820-1853
• What & Why: An
international alliance
that met when
peacekeeping issues
arose
Nationalism
Concert of Europe
• Who: the “Holy
Alliance” leaders of
Russia, Austria, &
Prussia, led by
Klemens von
Metternich
• Royal rulers
promised to help
each other in the
event of revolution.
Concert of Europe
• Most of the great powers
eventually adopted the
principle of
intervention: countries
had a right to intervene
where revolutions were
threatening monarchies.
• Austria, Prussia, Russia,
& France did crush
revolutions & restore
monarchies. (vid. Start
at 9:30).
Nationalism
• Nationalism has
been one of the
driving forces of
modern history
Nationalism
Standard Summary
The Congress of Vienna was able to create a
balance of power in Europe by surrounding
France with strong countries.
2. After Napoleon’s defeat, former royalty were
returned to power in most of Europe, primarily
as a result of the Congress of Vienna.
3. Nationalism was held back by monarchies &
aristocratic rule until the Revolutions of 1848.
Required readings: 238-241, 253-263
1.