The Industrial Revolution
Activity: A Conceptual Map/Mind
Map
Show a chronological representation of the
developments of the industrial revolution dominated
by drawings, using words only when necessary.
Use symbols like these when appropriate: (You
may use any sign or symbol that makes sense to
you, but try to make it understandable to others!
Economic
Influences
Mercantilism
Dominated Western
European economic policy
from the 16th to late-18th
centuries.[Growing a
country's wealth primarily
through the accumulation of
valuable metals. (gold,
silver) This theory
promoted exportation and
discouraged importation. It
is often described as
"protectionism."
Adam Smith
Called the father of modern
economics. The publication
of his book, The Wealth of
Nations in 1776 had a
profound impact on the end
of the mercantilist era and
the later adoption of freemarket policy. Smith
promoted a balance of
trade, which means an
equal level of importation
and exportation.
Technology before and
during the Industrial
Revolution
Water Mills
Heargrave’s “Spinning Jenny”
and Whitney’s “Cotton Gin.”
Cartwright’s Power Loom
Origin: Begins in England
1. England had water
power and coal to fuel
the new machines
2. Had iron ore to
construct buildings,
machines, etc
3. Availability of rivers
for inland
transportation and
harbors from which
ship could sail
4. England had all the
FACTORS OF
PRODUCTION-land,
labor, capital; all
needed for industrial
growth
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
The growth of the textile industry created a huge
surge in commerce. Competition among textile
mills stimulated the development of superior
sources of energy. The steam engine was one
of these new energy sources.
Improvements in transportation technology
A. The steam engine was used on ships, in
factories and on trains among other places. It
multiplied the efficiency of production greatly.
B. Increases in production created a need for
raw materials. This stimulated the mining
industry and trade in general. Mexico was a
primary source for silver.
“Newcomen Engine”
Consequences: Investment
Stimulates Growth
Owners had enough money to:
A. Buy more raw material
B. Invest in machinery
C. Promote inventions
D. Pay salaries
Consequences/Changes in ways of life
Urbanizationgrowth of cities

London becomes
Europe’s largest city
with over 1 million
people by 1800
Living Conditions 


there were no sanitary
or building safety
codes
cities lacked adequate
housing, education,
and police protection
whole families often
Consequences/Changes in ways of
life (cont.)
Working Conditions



Average worker spent
14 hours, 6 days/week
at work
Factories were dark
and dirty
There was no health
or unemployment
insurance
Injuries were common
Consequences (cont.)
Class Tensions
A new Middle Class developed comprised of skilled workers, business
people, and professionals
Upper class of landowners looked
down on those who worked for a living
Poor workers saw little improvement in
their standard of living They were often
replaced by machines so many lost
jobs
Consequences (cont.)
The Surge of Socialism
This was an ideology that has its roots in the
philosophy and thought of the first half of the
19th century.
Its ideals included eliminating private property
(the base of capitalism) and pointing out social
injustices suffered by workers who were
oppressed by owners.
By the second half of the 19th century the ideas
of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels over the
structure of society, class struggle and the
oppressed worker had fomented criticism
against these injustices.
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels