East Deanery
Effective learning
A collection of slides on education
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Effective means of learning
East Deanery
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Questions and Knowledge
Hierarchy of knowledge with examples of questions to determine the
learner’s knowledge
LAKE et al, Effective use of questions. 2005
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
East Deanery
Stages of Learning
Lake FR, et al. Teaching a skill 2004
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
East Deanery
Grow
East Deanery
Matching learner stages to teaching styles
Teacher styles
Authority
Dependent learner
Learner stage
Interested learner
Self-directed learner
Adapted from Grow
Motivator
facilitator
Delegator
Match
Match
Match
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Miller's pyramid for clinical assessment
East Deanery
Cate, O. t. BMJ 2006;333:748-751
Copyright ©2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Miller's pyramid with levels of awareness
East Deanery
Peile, E. BMJ 2006;332:645
Copyright ©2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Uncertainty
East Deanery
self
scientific community
known
personal
opinion
evidence
unknown
personal ignorance
genuine scientific
uncertainty
Naylor (1995) Grey zones of clinical practice. The Lancet
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Integrated Learning….
East Deanery
Cognitive
Psychomotor
Affective
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Assessment
East Deanery
What and how students learn
depends to a major extent on
how they think they will be assessed
Biggs, Teaching for Quality Learning at University
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Assessment
East Deanery
Assessment FOR learning
Assessment AS learning
when teachers use inferences about
student progress to inform their
teaching
when students reflect on and monitor
their progress to inform their future
learning goals
Assessment OF
learning
when teachers use evidence of student
learning to make judgements on student
achievement against goals and standards
State of Victoria (Department of Education) 2002 Assessment Professional Learning Modules
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Assessment and Learning
East Deanery
Effective assessment empowers students to ask reflective questions
and consider a range of strategies for learning and acting …
… students move forward in their learning when they can use their
personal knowledge to construct meaning, have skills of selfmonitoring to realize that they don’t understand something, and have
ways of deciding what to do next
Earl 2003
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Assessment and Learning
East Deanery
It is very difficult for students to achieve a learning goal unless they
understand that goal and can assess what they need to do to reach it
…
… so self-assessment is essential to learning
Black et al. 2003
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Assessment Roles and Goals
East Deanery
Role
Goal
Mentor
Provide feedback and support to each student
Guide
Gather diagnostic information to lead the student or group through the
work at hand
Accountant
Maintain records of students’ progress and achievement
Reporter
Report to administration about student progress and achievement
Program director
Make adjustments and revisions to teaching
Adapted from Assessment Roles and Goals (Wilson, 1996; Earl, 2003)
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Self-Assessment
Self-assessment involves students in
reflecting on past experience
seeking to remember and understand what took place
attempting to gain a clearer idea of what has been learned and achieved
sharing responsibility for the organisation of their work
keeping records of activities undertaken
making decisions about future actions and targets
Paul Weeden et al. 2002
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
East Deanery