A ____ is an input device that
collects specific data directly from
the environment and transmits it
to a computer
• sensor
What is the definition of a
softcopy?
• data in electronic form.
• An output device must be used in
order to view a softcopy.
Printed output is referred to as
a (an):
•Hardcopy
Pixel is short for?
• Picture element
A ____ converts a person’s
speech into digital signals.
• Speech-recognition system
The image you see on the
screen (monitor) is made
up of tiny dots of light
called?
• pixels
A sensor is
• an input device that collects
specific data directly from the
environment and transmits it to a
computer.
The science of measuring
individual body characteristics.
Biometrics
The amount of space between
the centers of adjacent pixels
is referred to as the
• Dot pitch (dp)
What factors affect
screen clarity?
Dot pitch
Resolution
Color depth
Refresh rate
What is the definition of
resolution?
• The number of pixels (dots) per
square inch.
The smaller the ___ the better
the screen image.
• Dot pitch
The higher the ____ the better
the screen image.
• Color depth
• Resolution
• Refresh rate
The amount of information,
expressed in bits, that makes up
the color of a pixel is called?
• Color depth
The number of times per second
that the pixels are recharged so
that their glow remains bright.
• Refresh rate
Monitors fit in one of two
possible categories. What
are these categories?
• CRT
• Flat-panel display
CRT stands for?
• Cathode Ray Tube
A flat-panel display uses
what type of technology
• Liquid Crystal Display
What type of monitor is
smaller?
• CRT or
• Flat-panel display?
• Flat-panel display
The three types of flatpanel display screens are?
• Active-matrix
• Passive-matrix
• Gas plasma
With what type of flat-panel
display screen is each pixel on
the screen controlled by its own
transistor.
• Active-matrix display
How is the active-matrix display
screen and the passive-matrix
display screen different?
• With the active-matrix each pixel on the
screen controlled by its own transistor and
with the passive-matrix each row or column of
pixels on the screen is controlled by one
transistor.
• The active-matrix screen is more expensive.
• The active-matrix screen has a better image.
What type of flat-panel display
screen is least expensive?
• Passive-matrix
What type of flat-panel display
screen is not as clear?
• Passive-matrix
Image clarity of a printer is
measured in what?
•dpi
dpi stands for ?
• dots per inch
A printer fits in one of two
categories. What are those
two categories?
• Impact printer
• Non-impact printer
The term non-impact in
reference to printers means
what?
• It forms characters and images without
direct physical contact between the
printing mechanism and the paper
A printer that makes physical
contact with the paper is called
a (an)
• Impact printer
What are the types of impact
printers?
• Line printer
• Dot-matrix
What are the types of nonimpact printers?
• Laser
• Ink-jet
• thermal
What type of printer forms an
image on paper by spraying
small droplets of ink?
• Ink-jet
What type of printer uses a
drum treated with magnetically
charged toner in order to
transfer an image onto paper?
• laser
What type of printer uses
colored waxes and heat to
produce images by burning
dots onto special paper.
• Thermal printer
What type of signal
continuously varies?
• Analog
What type of signal takes on
one of two states?
• Digital
What is the purpose of a
modem?
•To convert Digital Signals to Analog Signals &
Back
Modem is short for
• modulate/demodulate.
Sending modem does what?
• converts digital signals into analog
signals for transmission over phone
lines (i.e. modulates).
What type of modem
demodulates (i.e. converts
analog signals back into
digital signals.
• Receiving modem
The use of television video and
sound technology to make it
possible for people in different
locations to see, hear, and talk
with one another is called?
• Videoconferencing
What is Groupware ?
•Software that makes it possible for teams
of co-workers to use networks of
microcomputers to share information and
to cooperate on projects.
The term that refers to working
at the office using
telecommunication technology
so that one can work at the
office while at home.
•Telecommuting
What does the term “Virtual
Office” mean.
•An office that exists electronically and
does not exist in a physical sense.
What does DTV stand for?
•Digital Television
What type of signal does a
digital television use? (tricky!)
• Digital signal
A digital signal consists of ?
• A series of 1’s and 0’s.
Signals through a
communications path can be
sent one of what two ways?
•Wired
•Wireless
What are the three methods of
wired communication
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is least expensive?
• Twisted-pair
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is resistant to interference?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one transmits data at the slower
rate?
• Twisted-pair
Insulated copper wire wrapped
in a metal shield, then in an
external cover is called?
- Coaxial cable
Between coaxial cable and
twisted-pair wiring, which one is
more resistant to interference?
- Coaxial cable
Between coaxial cable and
twisted-pair wiring, which one
transmits data at a faster rate?
- Coaxial cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one transmits data at the faster
rate?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is the most expensive?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is more secure?
• Fiber-optic cable
What is the definition of a
network?
• two or more computers connected together
using communications equipment.
List some benefits of a
network
Peripheral devices can be shared.
Data and programs can be shared.
Makes communication easier.
Increases security
WAN stands for?
• Wide Area Network
A network that covers a large
geographical area, such as a
country or the world is the
definition of a (an)?
•WAN
LAN stands for?
•Local Area Network
What is the definition of a
LAN?
• A network connecting computers and
devices in a limited geographical area.
For example, within a building.
A central computer within a
network that controls the
network is called a ___.
•Host computer
What is a node?
• any device that is attached to a network.
What is a backbone?
• a high-speed network that connects
smaller networks to the Internet.
What is the definition of a
client?
•
microcomputers that request data
from a server.
A powerful computer that
answers request from client
computers is called a ___.
• server
When you check your email,
your email is sent from a
____.
• server (specifically a mail server)
Software and hardware used to
block unauthorized users from
accessing a network is called
___.
• A firewall
An organization’s internal private
network that uses the infrastructure
and standards of the Internet and the
web is called ?
• Intranet
What is a peer-to-peer LAN
• A network in which microcomputers
communicate directly with one another
without the use of a server.
Previous material to know for
exam III
Operating System
A set of programs that manages the
interaction between hardware and
software
Software that controls access to other
hardware and software.
In order to run other programs, the OS
loads these programs into memory.
Your computer’s
“platform” consists of
what 3 things?
• Memory
• Processor (CPU)
• Operating System
What is a “user interface”
• The display on your computer screen that
you use in order to interact with your
computer.
The memory sizes in order
from smallest to largest
are
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte
The binary code that uses
8 bits and that is most
widely used with
microcomputers.
ASCII or Unicode?
• ASCII
The programming
language that a computer
understands is
• machine language
The main circuit board
in the system unit.
• Motherboard
A place to plug in
additional circuit boards
in order to increase a
computer’s capabilities
• Expansion slot
Processor speeds are
measured in
• MHz – megahertz – million
cycles per second
• GHz – gigahertz – billion cycles
per second
• MIPS – Millions of Instructions
Per Second
• FLOPS - Floating-point
Operations Per Second
The CPU consist of:
• Control unit
• ALU
• Registers.
___ is temporary storage
(high-speed memory) that
holds data and instructions
that are used most
frequently.
• Cache
Computers consist of
hardware and software.
• Hardware
• All the machinery and equipment
in a computer system
• Tangible
• Software
• All the instructions that tell the
computer how to perform a task
• Intangible
3. Storage
• Primary storage
• Computer circuitry that temporarily holds
data waiting to be processed and after it
has been processed
• Also called:
• Memory or primary memory
• RAM – Random Access Memory
• Temporary storage
• Secondary storage
• The area in the computer where data or
information is held permanently
• Also simply called:
• Storage
The Web & How It Works
•Web browser - software that enables
users to view web pages and to jump
from one page to another.
•Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator are the most commonly used
browsers.
The Web & How It Works
•URLs – addresses for web pages
•URL – stands for Uniform Resource Locator
•The URL is a string of characters that
represents a location of a specific piece of
information located on a web server.
•The URL consists of the web protocol, the
name of the web server, the directory on that
server, and the file within that directory.
For example:
http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/ramona.smith/index.htm
•
http – HyperText Transfer Protocol
• How the web page will be transferred
• It is the protocol used for transferring the html document
•
campus.murraystate.edu
• This is the domain name of the web server
•
academic/faculty/ramona.smith
• This is the list of directories in which the web page is stored.
• Index.htm is in the ramona.smith folder which is then in the faculty
folder which is then in the academic folder.
•
index.htm
• This is the file name of the web page.