A ____ is an input device that
collects specific data directly from
the environment and transmits it
to a computer
• sensor
What is the definition of a
softcopy?
• data in electronic form.
• An output device must be used in
order to view a softcopy.
Printed output is referred to as
a (an):
•Hardcopy
Pixel is short for?
• Picture element
A ____ converts a person’s
speech into digital signals.
• Speech-recognition system
The image you see on the
screen (monitor) is made
up of tiny dots of light
called?
• pixels
The science of measuring
individual body characteristics.
Biometrics
The amount of space between
the centers of adjacent pixels
is referred to as the
• Dot pitch (dp)
What factors affect
screen clarity?
Dot pitch
Resolution
Color depth
Refresh rate
What is the definition of
resolution?
• The number of pixels (dots) per
square inch.
The smaller the ___ the better
the screen image.
• Dot pitch
What type of monitor
takes up less room on a
desk?
• CRT or
• Flat-panel display?
• Flat-panel display
The higher the ____ the better
the screen image.
• Color depth
• Resolution
• Refresh rate
The number of times per second
that the pixels are recharged so
that their glow remains bright.
• Refresh rate
The amount of information,
expressed in bits, that makes up
the color of a pixel is called?
• Color depth
Monitors fit in one of two
possible categories. What
are these categories?
• CRT
• Flat-panel display
CRT stands for?
• Cathode Ray Tube
What type of flat-panel display
screen is not as clear?
• Passive-matrix
A flat-panel display uses
what type of technology
• Liquid Crystal Display
The three types of flatpanel display screens are?
• Active-matrix
• Passive-matrix
• Gas plasma
With what type of flat-panel
display screen is each pixel on
the screen controlled by its own
transistor.
• Active-matrix display
How is the active-matrix display
screen and the passive-matrix
display screen different?
• With the active-matrix each pixel on the
screen controlled by its own transistor and
with the passive-matrix each row or column of
pixels on the screen is controlled by one
transistor.
• The active-matrix screen is more expensive.
• The active-matrix screen has a better image.
What type of flat-panel display
screen is least expensive?
• Passive-matrix
Image clarity of a printer is
measured in what?
•dpi
dpi stands for ?
• dots per inch
A sensor is
• an input device that collects
specific data directly from the
environment and transmits it to a
computer.
A printer fits in one of two
categories. What are those
two categories?
• Impact printer
• Non-impact printer
The term non-impact in
reference to printers means
what?
• It forms characters and images without
direct physical contact between the
printing mechanism and the paper
A printer that makes physical
contact with the paper is called
a (an)
• Impact printer
What are the types of impact
printers?
• Line printer
• Dot-matrix
What are the types of nonimpact printers?
• Laser
• Ink-jet
• thermal
What type of printer forms an
image on paper by spraying
small droplets of ink?
• Ink-jet
What type of printer uses a
drum treated with magnetically
charged toner in order to
transfer an image onto paper?
• laser
What type of printer uses
colored waxes and heat to
produce images by burning
dots onto special paper.
• Thermal printer
What type of signal
continuously varies?
• Analog
What type of signal takes on
one of two states?
• Digital
What is the purpose of a
modem?
•To convert Digital Signals to Analog Signals &
Back
Modem is short for
• modulate/demodulate.
Sending modem does what?
• converts digital signals into analog
signals for transmission over phone
lines (i.e. modulates).
What type of modem
demodulates (i.e. converts
analog signals back into
digital signals.
• Receiving modem
The use of television video and
sound technology to make it
possible for people in different
locations to see, hear, and talk
with one another is called?
• Videoconferencing
What is Groupware ?
•Software that makes it possible for teams
of co-workers to use networks of
microcomputers to share information and
to cooperate on projects.
The term that refers to working
at the office using
telecommunication technology
so that one can work at the
office while at home.
•Telecommuting
What does the term “Virtual
Office” mean.
•An office that exists electronically and
does not exist in a physical sense.
What type of signal does a
digital television use? (tricky!)
• Digital signal
A digital signal consists of ?
• A series of 1’s and 0’s.
Signals through a
communications path can be
sent one of what two ways?
•Wired
•Wireless
What are the three methods of
wired communication
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is least expensive?
• Twisted-pair
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is resistant to interference?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one transmits data at the slower
rate?
• Twisted-pair
Insulated copper wire wrapped
in a metal shield, then in an
external cover is called?
- Coaxial cable
Between coaxial cable and
twisted-pair wiring, which one is
more resistant to interference?
- Coaxial cable
Between coaxial cable and
twisted-pair wiring, which one
transmits data at a faster rate?
- Coaxial cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one transmits data at the faster
rate?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is the most expensive?
• Fiber-optic cable
Between these three methods
of wired communication,
• Twisted-pair
• Coaxial cable
• Fiber-optic cable
which one is more secure?
• Fiber-optic cable
What is the definition of a
network?
• two or more computers connected together
using communications equipment.
List some benefits of a
network
Peripheral devices can be shared.
Data and programs can be shared.
Makes communication easier.
Increases security
WAN stands for?
• Wide Area Network
A network that covers a large
geographical area, such as a
country or the world is the
definition of a (an)?
•WAN
LAN stands for?
•Local Area Network
What is the definition of a
LAN?
• A network connecting computers and
devices in a limited geographical area.
For example, within a building.
A central computer within a
network that controls the
network is called a ___.
•Host computer
What is a node?
• any device that is attached to a network.
What is a backbone?
• a high-speed network that connects
smaller networks to the Internet.
What is the definition of a
client?
•
microcomputers that request data
from a server.
A powerful computer that
answers request from client
computers is called a ___.
• server
When you check your email,
your email is sent from a
____.
• server (specifically a mail server)
Software and hardware used to
block unauthorized users from
accessing a network is called
___.
A firewall
An organization’s internal private
network that uses the infrastructure
and standards of the Internet and the
web is called ?
• Intranet
What is a peer-to-peer LAN
• A network in which microcomputers
communicate directly with one another
without the use of a server.
Previous material to know for
exam III
What is the Operating System
Manages the basic operations of the
computer.
A set of programs that manages the
interaction between hardware and
software
In order to run other programs, the OS
loads these programs into memory.
Your computer’s “platform”
consists of what 3 things?
• Memory
• Processor (CPU)
• Operating System
What is a “user interface”
• The display on your computer
screen that you use in order to
interact with your computer.
When an application
program is not in use, it is
stored in ____?
• secondary storage
When you launch/run/start
a program, the ____ places
it in ____.
• operating system
• memory
What are the two types of
user interfaces?
• command-line
• graphical (GUI)
The memory sizes in order
from smallest to largest
are
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bit
Byte
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte
What is a bit?
• a 0 or a 1
(no signal, signal)
(no current, current)
What is a Byte?
A series of 8 bits.
A Kilobyte is ____?
210 Bytes
210 Bytes is approximately _____
Bytes?
103
A Megabyte is ____?
A Gigabyte is ____?
A Terabyte is ____?
A Petabyte is ____?
The binary code that uses 8
bits and that is most widely
used with microcomputers.
ASCII
The programming language
that a computer
understands is
machine language
The main circuit board
in the system unit.
Motherboard
A place to plug in
additional circuit boards
in order to increase a
computer’s capabilities
Expansion slot
Processor speeds are
measured in
• MHz – megahertz – million
cycles per second
• GHz – gigahertz – billion cycles
per second
• MIPS – Millions of Instructions
Per Second
• FLOPS - Floating-point
Operations Per Second
What is a program?
• A list of instructions that a
computer follows in order to
carry out a task.
What is another word for
“program”?
• software
• executable file
What are the two
categories of software?
• System software
• Application software
The CPU consist of:
• Control unit
• ALU
• Registers.
___ is temporary storage
(high-speed memory) that
holds data and instructions
that are used most
frequently.
Cache
The two main categories
of a computer system are
?
• Hardware
• Software
What is hardware?
All the machinery and equipment in
a computer system
(Tangible)
What is software?
All the instructions that tell the
computer how to perform a task
(Intangible)
System software
consists of ___?
• Operating System
• Utility Programs
• Device Drivers
What is RAM?
Computer circuitry that temporarily
holds data waiting to be processed
and after it has been processed
What are some other
names for RAM that you
may hear people say?
Primary storage
Primary memory
Memory
Temporary storage
RAM stand for ____?
Random Access Memory
What are the two
categories of storage?
• Primary storage
• Secondary storage
What is Secondary
Storage?
• A device intended to
permanently hold (store) data.
List some secondary
storage devices.
What is another
name for Secondary
Storage?
Storage
What is a web browser ?
software that enables users to view web
pages
What is a URL?
a string of characters that represents a
location of a specific piece of
information located on a web server.
URL stands for ____?
Uniform Resource Locator
The URL consists of ____?
•
•
•
•
the web protocol
the name of the web server
the directory on that server
the file within that directory.
Given:
http://www.w3.org/Graph/SVG/index.htm
•
•
•
•
What is “www.w3.org” ?
domain name
What is “Graph” ?
folder name
What is “SVG” ?
folder name
What is “index.htm” ?
file sent over by the server that will be viewed
through the browser
What is a protocol?
A program used by computers in order to
communicate
What is HTML?
language used for creating web pages
(not a programming language)
What is the World Wide Web?
One use of the Internet encompassing all
things (hardware, software, files)
dealing with web pages.
What is the Internet?
A global network of networks.
What does ‘upload’ mean?
to transfer a file from a local computer to
a remote computer
What does ‘download’ mean?
to transfer a file from a remote computer
to a local computer
If you tend to have a lot of
programs up and running
simultaneously, you will need a lot
of ____ .
memory (RAM)
If you have a lot of large files
(music, video, pictures etc.) to
store, you will need a lot of ____.
secondary storage (hard disk space)
What is Microsoft’s new
operating system?
Vista
What is the new optical disk?
Blu-ray (BD)
Referring to a hard disk
drive
120GB (5400 RPM)
Referring to a processor
2.00GHz, 4MB L2, 667MHz FSB
2.00GHz – clock speed of processor
Level 1 (L1) cache
Level 2 (L2) cache
FSB – Front-Side Bus speed
Keep Learning
Keep searching (but, check your sites
carefully)
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/