Middle Colonies
PowerPoint Presentation
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New York colony
New Jersey colony
Pennsylvania colony
Quakers
William Penn
Breadbasket colonies
Colonizing North America Unit
The Middle Colonies - PowerPoint Presentation #6
VOCABULARY
Quakers –
William Penn –
Cash crops –
Breadbasket Colonies –
Why did William Penn
start a colony in North
America?
Why were the Middle
Colonies known as the
Breadbasket Colonies?
William Penn
And the story
continues . . . . .

The Dutch and French set up trading forts in North America.
Their “gold” is fur!

The first successful English colony, Jamestown is established in
Virginia. They begin growing tobacco.

Separatists (Pilgrims) arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts and
establish the second English colony.

The Puritans leave England and settle in Massachusetts Bay.
Their strict way of life causes many colonists to leave thus
forming new colonies in Rhode Island and Connecticut.

Anne Hutchinson is forced to leave Massachusetts Bay Colony
and seeks religious freedom in Rhode Island.

New Hampshire is made a colony due to the northern growth of
the colony of Massachusetts Bay.
In Class Note-Taking
Colony Name/
Founder
Reason for
being
Founded
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Main
Resources
Major Ports
and Cities
Other Important
Information
New York
Colony
Listen carefully throughout the PowerPoint
discussion and correctly place the information into
the Graphic Organizer about New York colony.
To understand New York we must first
remember New Netherland!
Lets Review!
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In the 1600’s when European explorers were looking for
a Northwest Passage, the Dutch were among them. They
wanted to make money (a profit) from the Americas
too!
In 1626, Peter Minuit led a group of Dutch settlers to
the mouth of the Hudson River.
There he bought Manhattan Island from local Indians.
He called his settlement New Amsterdam.
1660-s New Amsterdam grew into a busy port. The
Dutch welcomed people of many nations and religions to
their colony.
Minuit called his entire colony New Netherland.
New Amsterdam (aka: Manhattan) was a
settlement in New Netherland.
Hmmm. Where’s the skyscrapers?

By 1664, the rivalry (competition)
between the English and the Dutch was
growing fierce.

In August of that year, English warships
entered New Amsterdam’s harbor.

Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New
Netherlands swore to defend the city.
: Stuyvesant had hardly
any weapons and little gun powder.
: the colonists
wouldn’t help him fight the English
because he had been an awful
governor! He had imposed heavy taxes
and harsh rule.
Peter Stuyvesant

In the end, Peter Stuyvesant surrendered without firing a shot.

New Netherland was taken from the Dutch and now belonged to the
English!

King Charles II of England then gave New Netherland to his brother, the
Duke of York.

The King of England then renamed the colony NEW YORK in the Duke’s
honor.

The colony was governed as a Royal colony, which meant a governor and
council of men was appointed (chosen) by the King of England. New York
also had a representative assembly (a group of men) elected by the
colonists.

New York colony did not have a specific religion like the Puritans in
Massachusetts Bay, instead it gave its citizens religious freedom.

New York’s main city was Albany.

Being a “Breadbasket Colony”, New York produced lots of grains! And
also, iron, lumber, rum and cattle.
Colony Name/
Founder
New York
Colony
Kings
Representative
Reason for
being
Founded
It was taken
from the Dutch
by the English
because of its
key location
and ports.
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Royal Colony
Ruled by the
King of
England.
Main
Resources
Grain
Iron
Rum
Lumber
Cattle
Major Ports
and Cities
Albany
Other Important
Information
New York used to be
New Netherlands and
was a Dutch colony
until the English
invaded and took it
over.
Colonists elect a
representative
assembly.
Religious
freedom
Lets stop here for a moment and make sure
you have all the important information
written down in the correct places.
In Class Note-Taking
Colony Name/
Founder
Reason for
being
Founded
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Main
Resources
Major Ports
and Cities
Other Important
Information
New Jersey
Colony
Listen carefully throughout the PowerPoint
discussion and correctly place the information into
the Graphic Organizer about New Jersey colony.
New Jersey
 The Duke of York realized that
New York was too large to
govern. So he gave some of
the land of New York to his
friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir
George Carteret.
 Berkeley and Carteret set up a
proprietary colony and called it
New Jersey.
 A proprietary colony is where
land is given to one or more
people who divide the land and
rent it to others. The
proprietors (Berkeley and
Carteret) made laws for the
colony.
Sir George Carteret
Sir John Berkeley
Religious Freedom brings many colonists to New Jersey

New Jersey and New York both attracted many types of
people because they allowed religious freedom. So
Puritans mingled with French Protestants, Scots, Irish,
Swedes and Finns.

In 1702 New Jersey became a royal colony and was no
longer under the control of its proprietors. New Jersey
came under the control of the English King.

But the colony continued to have religious freedom and
their elected assembly of men
that voted on local matters.

New Jersey colony’s largest city
was Perth Amboy.

New Jersey colony produced
Iron and cattle.
Colony Name/
Founder
New Jersey
Colony
Friends of
Duke of York:
Sir George
Carteret and
Sir John
Berkeley
Reason for
being
Founded
New York was
too large to
govern so it
was broken up
into two
sections. East
Jersey and
West Jersey.
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
A Proprietary
government
where Berkeley
and Carteret
created laws
under English
rights.
1702 became a
royal colony but
kept religious
freedom and
representative
assembly.
Main
Resources
Iron
Cattle
Major Ports
and Cities
Other Important
Information
Perth Amboy
Lets stop here for a moment and make sure
you have all the important information
written down in the correct places.
In Class Note-Taking
Colony Name/
Founder
Reason for
being
Founded
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Main
Resources
Major Ports
and Cities
Other Important
Information
Pennsylvania
Colony
Listen carefully throughout the PowerPoint
discussion and correctly place the information into
the Graphic Organizer about Pennsylvania colony.

South of New Jersey, William
Penn founded the colony of
Pennsylvania in 1682.

Penn came from a wealthy
English family. King Charles II
was a personal friend.

At age 22, however, Penn
shocked family and friends by
joining the Quakers, one of
the most despised (hated)
religious groups in England.
William Penn
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What do Quakers
Believe?
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Quaker woman preaching to crowd.
Like Pilgrims and Puritans,
Quakers wanted to make
changes to the Church of
England.
Their reforms went further
than those of other groups.
Quakers believed that all
people – men and women,
nobles and commoners – were
equal in God’s sight.
They allowed women to
preach in public and refused
to bow or remove their hats
in the presence of nobility.
Quakers spoke out against
war and refused to serve in
the army.
• To most English people,
Quaker beliefs seemed
• In both England and New
England, Quakers were
arrested, fined or even
hanged for their ideas.
• Penn became convinced
that the Quakers must
leave England. He turned
to the king of England for
help.
Quakers led to execution.

King Charles II made Penn proprietor (land owner) of
a large tract of land in North America.

The king named the new colony Pennsylvania, or
“Penn’s woodlands”.
A safe place for
Quakers to live
The King of
England
gives Penn
land in North
America.
King Charles II
William Penn

Penn thought of his colony as a
“holy experiment.”

He wanted it to be a model of
religious freedom, peace, and
Christian living.

Protestants, Catholics, and Jews
went to Pennsylvania to escape
persecution.

Later officials forced Penn to turn
away Catholics and Jewish
settlers.
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Penn’s Quaker beliefs led
him to speak out for fair
treatment of Native
Americans.
Penn believed that the land
belonged to the Indians.
He said that settlers should
pay for the land.
Native Americans respected
Penn for this policy.
As a result, colonists in
Pennsylvania enjoyed many
years of peace with their
Indian neighbors.
One Pennsylvania settler later remarked:
“And as [Penn] treated the Indians
with extraordinary humanity,
they became very civil and loving
to us . . . As in other countries
[settlements], the Indians were
[angered] by hard treatment,
which hath been the [cause] of
much bloodshed, so the
[opposite] treatment here hath
produced love and affection.”
Write in your own words what you think this settler is saying.

Penn sent pamphlets describing his colony all over Europe. Soon,
settlers from all across Europe began to sail the Atlantic Ocean to live
in Pennsylvania.

Penn carefully planned a capital city along the Delaware River. He
named it Philadelphia, a Greek word meaning “brotherly love.”

Philadelphia grew quickly. By 1710, a visitor wrote that it was “the
most noble, large, and well-built city I have ever seen.”

The colonies main resources were: grain, iron, rum, lumber & cattle.
Colonial Map of Philadelphia
City of Philadelphia today

The government that William Penn established for
Pennsylvania was called the “Frame of Government.”
Penn’s government was really important in helping to
create what would become America’s democratic
government.

Penn’s “Frame of Government” had many laws that were
before their time. For instance the Pennsylvania
government required:


Capital punishment (death to a criminal) could only be used on
those who committed murder or treason.

Colonists could worship or be a part of any church (Freedom of
worship).
Penn’s government was divided into two groups or “houses”
to decide on laws, just like the United States government
today.
Colony Name/
Founder
Pennsylvania
Colony
William
Penn
Reason for
being
Founded
The Quakers
were
persecuted in
England and
wanted to
establish their
own colony for
religious
freedom.
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Frame of
Government
Modeled after
“Religious
freedom, peace
and Christian
living”
Quakers
Main
Resources
Grain
Iron
Rum
Lumber
Cattle
Major Ports
and Cities
Philadelphia
“Land of
brotherly love”
Other Important
Information
Penn respected the
Indians and believed
he should pay for the
land. Pennsylvania
colony had many years
of peace with their
Indian neighbors.
Pennsylvania means
“Penn’s Woodlands”
Lets stop here for a moment and make sure
you have all the important information
written down in the correct places.
 Life in the Middle Colonies was different from the New England
colonies for many reasons:
 The Hudson and Delaware river valleys were rich and fertile.
 Winters were milder
 The growing season lasted longer
 Because of the climate and soil, farmers in the Middle Colonies
produced a surplus (extra) of wheat, barley and rye.
 Farmers grew so much grain that their colonies were nicknamed
the Breadbasket Colonies. Grains sold for a lot of money on
the market and so these kinds of crops were called cash crops.
Grain
Bread Basket

Farmers in the Middle Colonies
also raised herds of cattle and
pigs.

Every year they sent tons of
beef, port and butter to the
ports of New York and
Philadelphia. From there the
goods went by ship to New
England, West Indies, England,
and parts of Europe.

By William Penn’s
encouragement German
craftsmen set up shop in
Pennsylvania.

Over time the colony became the center of manufacturing
that turned out items such as: clocks, watches, locks, guns,
flints, glass, stoneware, nails and paper.
Colony Name/
Founder
Delaware
Colony
William
Penn
Reason for
being
Founded
1701 Penn
allowed the
Lower
Counties of
Pennsylvania
to form their
own
government
because
Pennsylvania’s
main city of
Philadelphia
was too far for
the delegates to
travel.
Government
And/or
Religious Beliefs
Similar to
Pennsylvania.
Modeled after
“Religious
freedom, peace
and Christian
living”
Main
Resources
Grain
Wheat
Barley
Rye
Major Ports
and Cities
Dover,
Wilmington
Other Important
Information
Delaware was a part of
Pennsylvania until
1776 when they
became their own
territory.
Lets stop here for a moment and make sure
you have all the important information
written down in the correct places.
Why did William Penn
start a colony in North
America?
Why were the Middle
Colonies known as the
Breadbasket Colonies?
William Penn