Chapter 3 Colonial America
1587-1770
Section 3 Middle Colonies
If you were given the gift of a large sum of
money, how likely would you be to share it
with your friends and family?
A. Very likely
B. Somewhat likely
C. Somewhat unlikely
D. Very unlikely
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How did the Middle Colonies
develop?
Struggle for power in England
• The Puritan’s controlled
Parliament
• They struggled for power against
King Charles I
• 1642 a Civil War began
• Led by Oliver Cromwell, a
Puritan, the Parliamentary forces
defeated the king
• Many Puritans returned to
England to join the struggle
• Charles I was beheaded in 1649
on charges of treason
• A new government was created
with Cromwell as Protector
• When Cromwell died, Parliament
restored the monarchy, but limited
the kings power
• Charles II became king in 1660,
his reign was known as the
Restoration
English Colonies in America
• 1660- England had two
clusters of colonies in
what is now the United
States
• In the North were
Massachusetts, New
Hampshire,
Connecticut, and Rhode
Island
• In the South were
Maryland and Virginia
• Between the two groups
of English colonies were
lands the Dutch
controlled
Dutch Colonies
• Called New Netherland
• Main settlement was New
Amsterdam, located on Manhattan
Island
• Had a good seaport
• Became a center of shipping to and
from the Americas
• Dutch West India Company wanted
more settlers
• Offered large estates to anyone who
could bring 50 settlers to work the
land
• The landowners who acquired these
estates were called patroons
• Patroons ruled like kings
• Had their own courts and laws
• Settlers owed the patroon labor and
a share of their crops
England Takes Over
• England wanted to acquire the Dutch
Colony
• Because of its harbor and trade
• 1664- England sent a fleet to attack
New Amsterdam
• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor
• He was unprepared for battle and
surrendered the colony to the English
• King Charles II gave the colony to his
brother, the Duke of York, who
renamed it…
• New York
• It was a proprietary colony
• A colony in which the owner, or
proprietor, owned all the land and
controlled the government
• Different from the New England
colonies, where voters elected the
governor and an assembly
• Not until 1691 did the English
government allow citizens of New York
elect their legislature
The Population of New York
• New York continued to
prosper under English
control
• Had a diverse population
• Dutch, German, Swedish,
and Native American
• Brazilian Jews, the first
Jews to settle in North
America
• 1664- New York had about
8,000 inhabitants
• Including at least 300
enslaved Africans
• 1683- Population was
about 12,000 people
In which colony did the first Jews
settle in America?
A. New Jersey
B. Virginia
C. Maryland
D. New York
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B.
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New Jersey
• Duke of York gave the southern
part of his colony to Lord John
Berkeley and Sir John Carteret
• Named it New Jersey after the
island of Jersey in the English
Channel (Carteret was born
there)
• To attract settlers, thy offered
large areas of land and
freedom of religion
• Also trial by jury and
representative assembly
• The Assembly would make the
local laws and set tax rates
The Population of New Jersey
• A place of ethnic and religious
diversity
• Had no natural harbors so it did
not develop a major port or city
like New York
• The proprietors made few profits
• Both proprietors eventually sold
their shares in the colony
• By 1702 New Jersey had
returned to the king, becoming a
royal colony
• Colonists continued to make
local laws
Pennsylvania
• King Charles II gave land to
William Penn to pay off a debt
• Named it Pennsylvania and was
nearly as large England
• Penn saw this as a “holy
experiment”
• A chance to put his Quaker ideals
into practice
• The Quakers, or Society of
Friends believed that everyone
was equal
• People could follow their “inner
light” to salvation
• They did not need a clergy to
guide them
• Quakers were pacifists, people
who refuse to use force or to fight
in wars
• They were persecuted in England
Penn in Pennsylvania
• 1682- Penn supervised
the building of
Philadelphia, the “city of
brotherly love”
• Penn designed the city
and wrote their first
constitution
• Penn believed the land
belonged to the Native
Americans and that
settlers should pay for it
• He negotiated several
treaties with local
Native Americans
Whom did William Penn believe
rightfully owned the land where he
planned to build Philadelphia?
A. The English
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A
D. The Swedes
A
B
C
D
C
C. The Native Americans
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
B. The Dutch
The Population of Pennsylvania
• Penn advertised the colony
throughout Europe
• 1683- There were more than
3,000 English, Welsh, Dutch, and
German settlers
• 1701, Charter of Liberties allowed
colonists to elect representatives
to the legislature
• Swedes settled southern
Pennsylvania
• The Charter of Privileges allowed
them to form their own legislature
• They then functioned, or
operated, as a separate colony
known as Delaware under
Pennsylvania’s governor
How did the Middle Colonies develop?
New York: Thriving Dutch colony seized by
English; major port, proprietary colony; diverse
population
New Jersey: piece of New York given to other
proprietors; land and freedoms offered to attract
settlers; diverse population; lacked major port so
less profitable; became a royal colony
Pennsylvania: established under Quaker ideals;
welcomed diverse immigrants; constitution; elected
legislature
Delaware: lower part of Pennsylvania settled by
the Swedes; allowed to function as a separate
colony
Chapter 3 Section 3 Quiz
Which of the following was
originally a Dutch colony?
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Philadelphia
New York City
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Which of the following was named after
an island in the English Channel?
Pennsylvania
Delaware
New Jersey
New Amsterdam
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America's first town planner was
William Penn.
Peter Stuyvesant.
Oliver Cromwell.
Sir George
Carteret.
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Which document granted the Pennsylvania
colonists the right to elect representatives to
the legislative assembly?
A. Charter of
25% 25% 25% 25%
Colonists
B. Penn's Charter
C. Charter of
Liberties
D. Charter of
Pennsylvania
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The Charter of Privileges allowed the lower
counties of Pennsylvania to operate as a
separate colony known as
A. Philadelphia.
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. New Amsterdam.
C. Southern
Pennsylvania.
D. Delaware.
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