Population and settlement
How well does your chosen
settlement fit urban land use
models?
Controlled Assessment 2014
Your fieldwork focus
• Is worth 25% of your controlled assessment
• Some work is under low levels of control
• The Analysis / Conclusion and Evaluation have to
be done in class under ‘high levels’ of control
• You will be given a folder- work must be kept in itand not taken home
The question:-
How well does your
chosen settlement fit
urban land use
models?
Setting the scene
• Place focus
• Describe the location of our chosen field visit
area within the UK
• Describe the location of the field visit places
• Produce your own map or maps to show these
locations- there should be 3 maps- one at
national, 1 at regional and 1 at local scale
• Give some background information into the
history of the area, population etc.
Top tips for Maps
• Present on A4 paper- label the maps Fig1, Fig 2
and give clear titles
• Draw your own maps and/ or adapt maps from
the internet
• You must fully acknowledge any internet maps
used by quoting the full address line
I searched in google for ‘Scunthorpe map’
You need- a national map / regional map
Use Streetmap or getamap for the detailed
map
https://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=4891
66&y=411072&z=120&sv=scunthorpe&st=3&tl
=Map+of+Scunthorpe,+North+Lincolnshire+[To
wn]&searchp=ids.srf&mapp=map.srf
Transect 1
Transect 2
Transect 2
Geography Focus
• Explain the meaning of the key question. How well does your
chosen settlement fit urban land use models?
• Describe what land use is- suggest several different examplesdefine- photos???
• Introduce the Burgess and Hoyt models as well as the
• Suggest possible reasons to explain why the features produced
are different to each other.
• Do NOT present any detailed evidence to support your ideas at
this stage. This is part of the Presentation, Analysis and
Conclusion stages using evidence / data from the field visit.
Land Use
• Land use- is what purpose the land in cities is being
used for
• Residential- housing types: detached, semi detached,
terraced, apartments, maisonettes
• Commercial- retailing, warehousing, offices, hotels
• Administrative- offices, government, public utilities
• Other public services- schools, hospitals, swimming
pools, cemeteries etc
• Transport- roads, railways, canals
• Industrial- factories, power stations
• Recreational- parks, playing fields, allotments
• Non-functional- derelict land, waste land
Land use
Learning objectives
What is a land use model?
Why does land use vary within an urban area?
What are the characteristics of the Central
Business District (CBD)?
What are the characteristics of the inner city?
What are the characteristics of the suburbs?
Land use models
Why do geographers study models?
Geographers use models to help them understand reality.
Land use models tell us where we might expect to find
different land uses like high quality housing or industry.
They also help to explain the pattern of growth of a city.
Land use models – Concentric Model
Burgess based his
studies on Chicago.
He claimed that most
towns and cities grow
outwards from an old
centre and equally in
all directions.
original
settlement
In Britain, many towns grew rapidly in the nineteenth- and
twentieth-centuries.
Why do you think that was the case?
Concentric Model
This inner city area is also known as the
‘Zone of Transition’ or the ‘Twilight
Zone’.
inner city
suburbs
Concentric Model
Land use models – Sector Model
Hoyt developed his model after the introduction of public
transport. He claimed that land uses developed in sectors
along main transport routes.
Urban models
1) Which of these models is
the ‘Concentric Model’?
2) What labels are missing
from the key?
3) List the similarities and
differences between the
models.
Learning objectives
What is a land use model?
Why does land use vary within an urban area?
What are the characteristics of the Central Business
District (CBD)?
What are the characteristics of the inner city?
What are the characteristics of the suburbs?
Why does land use vary?
Land values are a major influence on land use patterns.
Why does land use vary?
Land values are a major influence on land use patterns, but
they are not the only factor:
Land values
Space
Age
Accessibility
Wealth of the inhabitants
Planning policies
Simple transect across a city
suburbs
inner city
CBD
inner city
suburbs
objectives
• To understand what the characteristics of
CBDs and Inner City areas are
• To understand what factors influence
development in CBDs and inner city areas
• To understand how CBDs and inner citys are
changing
Success criteria
• Will describe 4 features of land use in CBDs
• Will have a description of what factors
influence CBD characteristics
• Will describe 4 changes taking place in CBDs
• 3 main types of land use in Inner cities
• Will give 2 reasons for why industry located
there
• Complete Q2a-e
What are the characteristics of the
zones?
Land Use Zones
•
•
•
•
CBD
Inner City
Suburbs
Rural Urban Fringe
CBD characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
It contains main public buildings such as libraries, churches, stations
and town halls.
It contains specialist shops and branches of major department stores
such as House of Fraser’s.
It contains social amenities such as cinema halls, clubs and theatres.
Although buildings are open to the public there is no area for housing.
However, there may be hotels.
Industry is not present.
It contains offices and other professional buildings.
These buildings tend to be taller than other buildings in the city
because it is cheaper to buy a small plot of land and build upwards than
buying a huge plot of land and only building one or two floors.
Pedestrian levels are particularly high and parking restrictions are
greatest.
Geographical centre of the settlement.
It is likely to contain a region with the greatest land value.
Transportation such as trains, underground metro services and park and
ride services
High concentration of traffic.
High use of public transportation.
High employment rate
Why is it like that?
• Accessibility- main roads from the suburbs
and surrounding towns meet. It has been,
until congestion of the present day, the easiest
place to reach
• Land Values- these are highest in the CBD
where space to build is limited and
competition for land is highest. Land values
decrease rapidly towards the edge of the city
Main roads
converge
on the
centre
Public
buildings
Main
forms of
transport
Little if
any
open
space
How are CBDs changing?
• Some retail has moved to the edgeparticularly electrical, DIY, furniture- empty
shops in the centre??
• Some entertainment has moved away from
the centre- nightclubs, cinemas
• Some shops close due to competition from
supermarkets and changing shopping habits
• Redevelopment- pedestrianisation, new
shopping complexes- the Parishes
• More bars in centre- try to make people to
come CBDs in evenings
The inner city- zone in
transition
What would it be like to live here?
Task
• Using P158-159
• Read about the inner city
• Answer Q2
Success criteria
• Will describe 4 features of land use in CBDs
• Will have a description of what factors
influence CBD characteristics
• Will describe 4 changes taking place in CBDs
• 3 main types of land use in Inner cities
• Will give 2 reasons for why industry located
there
• Complete Q2a-e
Land Use
Terraced housing
Disadvantages of living here?
Factories
Advantages of
living here?
Roads
Shops
Waste land
Inner cities
Why here?
House characteristics
Located on spare land- was the edge of the city then
Grid iron pattern
Near to canals- was main form of transport then
No front garden / garage
Houses built next to factories- no forms of transportwalked to work
No indoor toilet
Bathroom
No electricity
Suburbs and rural urban fringe
Characteristics of suburbs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Semi detached houses- bay windows
Front/back gardens
Garages
Wider roads
Roads often with cul de sacs
More open space
Little if any industrial land use
Parades of shops / post offices
What does it
all mean ?
How distinctive is your chosen coastal study area??
describe
evidence
+ data
natural
landscapes
landforms
features
Where is Mappleton?
explain
processes
reasons
information
• This work can be done at home
• Hand in finished work on A4 paper (copied up or
word processed)
• Recommended word limit= 250-400 words [Total
=2000 words]
• Hand in date =
The introduction